100 Fawns/ 100 Dots 



JUNE OCT DEC-APR JUNE OCT DEC-APR JUNE OCT 



POPULATION 

 LEVEL 



/ \ HARVEST / \ HARVEST / 



Rang* Carrying Capacity 



Deer population maintained at winter range carrying capacity 

 by hunter harvests being equal to yearly fawn production 



B 



JUNE OCT DEC-APR JUNE OCT DEC-APR JUNE OCT 



POt L EVEL° N / '*~\ \ HARVEST 25 Fawns/ 100 Does 



1 \ Winter Loss^ 



5Q Fawns ! 199 Don \ / % 



'■\ 



vWintor Loss 



Or 



y" 



Reduced carrying capacity due to l 1 \ 



overuse during previous winter 



Deer population above winter range carrying capacity 

 and declining due to inadequate hunter harvests 



JUNE OCT DEC-APR JUNE OCT DEC-APR JUNE OCT 

 25 Fama ntt DQ9S 100 Fawns 1 100 Does , ~ 



<r 



population! 



LEVEL 



- N ^=. HARVEST 



V. ■& 



r-**- 



[Reduced carrying capacity due to 1 V f Increased carrying capacity due to 1 



overuse during previous winter J I reduced use during previous winter J 



Deer population increasing by harvests permitting 

 increases in range carrying capacity 



Figure 1.3. Illustrations of the way concepts of winter range carrying 

 capacity and density-dependent reproduction and mortality were 

 presumed to apply to deer management programs. A. Yearly 

 fawn production matched by harvests maintaining the population 

 in balance with "carrying capacity". B. Inadequate hunter 

 harvest result in "overuse" of range and declining carrying 

 capacity. C. Harvests greater than fawn production allows 

 range to recover, eventually resulting in an increase in 

 carrying capacity (after Cole 1961). 



13 



