1.00 - 



0.90 " 



0.80 " 

 o 



co 0.70 - 



E 



a 0.60 " 



en 



c 



5 



CD 



0.50 " 

 0.40 - 



0.30 - 

 0.20 " 

 0.10 - 







Autumn 

 Early Winter 



Autumn 



Early Winter 



-r— 1 1 1 1 r 



1 2 3 4 5+ 



12 3 4 5 6 



Number of Females per Group 



7+ 



Figure 7.9. Per capita fawn production in relation to female 

 group size, 1976-1984. 



to have or not have a fawn. Some of those females were 

 productive older daughters. Also, beyond the fourth 

 generation (3 adult generations), daughters were most likely 

 to establish their own matrilineal group. 



A total of 74% of all adult females observed during 

 autumn occurred in groups of 1 or 2 adult females. Forty- 

 three percent of all females observed did not occur in groups 

 with other females and 31% occurred in a group of only 2 

 females. During early winter, approximately equal numbers of 

 adult females were in groups containing 1, 2, or 3 adult 

 females; those 3 group sizes accounted for 67% of all females 

 observed. 



The percentages of all deer, of all sex and age classes, 

 that were observed in each group size are shown in Figure 

 7.10. From autumn through spring, more deer occurred in 

 groups of 3 than any other group size. Averaged for all 3 

 seasons, 20.0% of all deer observed were in groups of 3 and 

 15.7% were in groups of 4. Group sizes of 3 and 4 may be most 

 observed because the most common social group, a female or 2 

 females and their fawns, are usually a group of 3 or 4 deer. 



193 



