females remained in the area of their natal home range (Table 

 7.7). Most, however, did not have marked mothers, so future 

 relationships were not determined. The following are 6 case 

 histories illustrating relationships between marked mothers 

 and daughter (s). 



(1) Female 1277 and her twin female fawns, 1077 and 

 1177, were captured and marked in February 1977. The adult 

 female was equipped with a radio collar and both fawns marked 

 with neckbands. From breakup of the family unit about 1 June 

 until 14 October, 1277 was observed 6 times, never with either 

 daughter. She was observed with a new fawn during June and 

 July, but was not accompanied by a fawn when observed after 

 July. Her yearling daughters were observed together on 28 

 May, 17 June, and 20 June. Thereafter, neither was seen until 

 14 October, when one (1177) was with the mother. On 27 

 October, the other (1077) was with the mother, but sibling 

 117 7 was not observed. On 3 November, neither yearling 

 accompanied 1277, but they were with her by 11 November. From 

 then through 9 May 1978, the 3 were together in 12 of 13 

 observations. Daughter 1177 may have been hidden by dense 

 timber on the 1 occasion she was not observed in the group. 



From 2 June 1978 until 9 October 1978, 1277 was observed 

 11 times, never with either 2 year-old daughter. The 

 2-year-old daughters were not reobserved until 9 October, when 

 all 3 deer were together. None of the 3 females were observed 

 with fawns during summer, but it appeared that 1177 was 

 followed by a fawn on 9 October. From that time through 21 

 April 1979, the 3 were together a minimum of 10 of 13 times 

 they were observed. However, dense timber may have prevented 

 observation of all deer in the group on 2 of the 3 occasions 

 they were not all observed together. The radio-collar on 1277 

 failed after May 1979, and all of these deer were observed 

 infrequently after that time. 



From 28 May 1979 through 29 November 1979 (after which 

 1177 was never reobserved) , the sisters were not together any 

 of the 5 times that 1177 was observed. Both 3-year-old 

 females were accompanied by twin fawns throughout the period. 

 Neither matriarch 1277, nor 1077 was reobserved until 31 

 December 1979; they were first observed together on 16 

 February 1980. They were observed together only 2 of the 8 

 times that either was observed during 31 December 1979 through 

 23 April 1980. Both females recruited twin fawns that 

 biological year. 



During the next biological year, when 1277 was 11-years- 

 old, and 1077 was 4-years-old, they were observed a total of 

 11 times, and only once (16 March 1981) were together. Both 

 recruited twin fawns. 



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