Thereafter, they were observed only once, on 21 September 

 1981, when they were together in a group of 6 adult females 

 and 3 fawns. The matriarch, 1277, was shot by hunters on 26 

 October 1981. Daughter 1077 continued to used the same home 

 range (Fig. 7.12) through 14 March 1983, after which she was 

 never reobserved. 



This matriarch and daughters continued to use the same 

 home range (though not at the same place and time, during fawn 

 rearing periods) as long as all were alive. The mother, and 

 daughter (1077) that remained alive the longest, used the same 

 home range until the mothers death at age 12-1/2; the daughter 

 was 5-l/2-years-old. After regrouping in autumn, mother and 

 daughter were in the same group an average of 88% of the time 

 until the daughter reached age 3 years . During the next 2 

 years, when both mother and daughter recruited twins, they 

 were observed in the same group only 3 of 19 times. During 

 the fourth year, they regrouped early, and the indications 

 were that at least 1 did not have fawns. Although the 

 boundaries of their home ranges as adults were nearly the same 

 (Fig. 7.12), they only rarely occurred in the same group when 

 both recruited fawns. There were 2 areas used by the 

 matriarch during the fawn-rearing period in which the daughter 

 was never observed during June through August after she was 1- 

 year-old (Fig. 7 . 12) . 



(2) Female 0376 and her daughter 1680 were observed from 

 the time 1680 was 6 months old until 44 months old. Female 

 0376 was a minimum of 6-l/2-years-old at the time 1680 was 

 radio-collared. Observations on this relationship ceased on 

 10 February 1983 when 0376 lost her collar, but the presence 

 of 0376 through at least 14 March 1983 could be verified 

 because she retained a matted band of hair around her neck. 



After the initial breaking of the maternal bond, when 

 1680 was one year old, mother and daughter were not observed 

 together until 2 September. During the remainder of that 

 biological year, the mother, her new fawn, and daughter 1680 

 were together in 20 (95%) of 21 observations. 



During the next biological year, both 0376 and 1680 

 recruited fawns and were not observed in the same group until 

 3 November. For the rest of that biological year they were in 

 the same group 12 of 13 times. Both 0376 and 1680 recruited 

 fawns during the following biological year and were hot 

 observed together until 14 December. From then until 0376 

 lost her collar, mother and daughter were together in 5 of 7 

 observations . 



199 



