together during 6 of 9 observations through the rest of that 

 biological year. They were observed together only 1 of 6 

 times during autumn through spring over the next 2 biological 

 years . 



This mother-daughter combination, although continuing to 

 use the same general home range area (Fig. 7.13), had the 

 least degree of association of all marked mother-daughter 

 pairs. They were in the same group during only 13 (37%) of 35 

 observations during autumn through spring periods for the 

 daughter's ages of 1-4 years. 



(5) Female 6581 was marked with a neckband only, but her 

 daughter 6381 wore a radio-collar. The daughter was first 

 observed apart from her mother at 11 months of age on 13 May 

 1982. They remained separated through 24 June, after which 

 radio contact with 6381 was lost. Because attempts to 

 relocate 6381 were unsuccessful through July and August, she 

 apparently had dispersed off the study area during that time. 

 She may have returned to the area anytime after August, but 

 was not re-observed until 26 December 1982. She was first 

 seen with her mother on 2 February 1983. Thereafter, mother 

 and daughter were together during all of 7 observations until 

 8 June when they again separated. They were next observed 

 together on 4 August 1983 and each had a single fawn. From 

 that time, until 23 February 1984, mother and daughter were 

 together 15 of 19 times they were observed. The mother was 

 never reobserved after 23 February 1984. 



(6) Female siblings 1582 and 1682 were the daughters of 

 female 1681. From family breakup on 18 May 1983 through 22 

 August 1983, when they were first reobserved with their 

 mother, the sisters were together only 4 of 11 times either 

 was observed. Once reunited with their mother, they were 

 together in 15 of 19 observations through 19 March 1984 when 

 1582 was killed by a coyote. During that period, 1582 was 

 with her mother on 13 of 19 observations and 1682 was with her 

 mother on 14 of 19 observations. When not with their mother, 

 these siblings were together 3 times, alone once each, and 

 with female 1481 (of unknown relationship, but usually with 

 matriarch 1681) the remainder of the time. From the time 1582 

 was killed through 28 May 1984, 1682 was with her mother 4 of 

 the 5 times she was observed. Female 1681 and her daughter 

 1682 were next observed together on 20 October 1984. They 

 were in the same group during 3 of 4 subsequent 

 reobservations . 



Association of Sisters 



Three cases involving the association of sisters were 

 described with mother-daughter relationships. An additional 

 3 sets of twin females were broken up when one of the sisters 



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