(1377) of unknown family background, was frequently in the 

 same group. The 4 were captured as a group during February 



1977. Female 1377 rejoined the group in mid-December 1977 and 



1978, after 1277 and her daughters had regrouped. From spring 

 1977 through spring 1979, after the 2 older females had joined 

 the group, they were together during 31 (84%) of 37 

 observations. On the occasions when the daughters of 1277 

 were not with her, they were often with 1377. Although the 

 relationship of the 2 older females was unknown, based on 

 their ages it is likely that 1377 was a younger sister or 

 previous daughter of 1277. 



A similar situation existed in the previously described 

 relationship of female 1681 and her daughters 1582 and 1682. 

 Another marked mature female (1481) was often associated with 

 this marked mother-daughter combination. From the time the 2 

 mature females reassociated with each other by early winter 

 each year until the next parturition period, they were 

 together during 38 (75%) of 51 observations. Again, when the 

 twin yearling daughters were not with their mother, they were 

 often with 1481. Based on the age of 1481 at capture, she 

 could have been a previous daughter of 1681 (older sister of 

 1582 and 1682) . 



In 1980, twin male fawns (2880 and 2980) of female 1577 

 were captured and radio-collared. One of a set of twins 

 (female 3080) of an unmarked female was captured and radio 

 collared at the same time, near the same area. During summer 

 and autumn, these 2 sets of twins and their mothers had 

 overlapping home ranges (Riley and Dood 1984), but did not 

 group together. From 13 February 1981 until 29 May 1981, all 

 marked deer, and presumably the mother of 3080, were together 

 4 of 7 times they were observed. The yearling males both 

 dispersed from the study area at 1 year of age. The yearling 

 female was reobserved with female 1577, her new fawns, and 

 other unmarked deer on 14 October and 3 November 1981, but 

 lost her radio collar within a week of the last relocation. 

 On 29 December 1982, 3080 was recaptured and refitted with a 

 radio collar. For the next 2 winter-spring periods, 1577 and 

 3080 were together 11 of 17 times they were reobserved. 

 Although 3080 was not the daughter of 1577, it is possible 

 that her unmarked mother was maternally related to 1577. 



Summary and Discussion 



The spatial distribution deer on the area was clumped or 

 aggregated and not uniform or random. "Core blocks" appeared 

 to support relatively stable numbers of deer, and most 

 fluctuation in deer numbers occurred in areas adjacent to and 

 distant from those "core blocks". It was apparent that not 

 all areas and habitats provided for equal production and 

 survival of deer and that the stable "core blocks" observed 



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