fawns and mature males. Fawns and mature males used 

 vegetation types differently during summer (X 2 = 16.8, 4 df, 

 P < 0.005). Some difference may also have occurred during 

 autumn (X 2 = 8.9, 4 df, P = 0.07), but there was no difference 

 in winter (X 2 = 3.6, 4 df, P > 0.50). 



Both fawns (and by inference productive females) and 

 mature males used blocks containing Douglas fir-juniper types 

 in greater proportion than availability, but selection for 

 those types was strongest by fawns (Table 9.5). 



Table 9.5. Observed proportional use of blocks containing various 

 vegetation types by fawns and mature males compared with 

 expected proportional use. 



Similarly, both selected blocks containing 

 pine- juniper-shale types, but here the strongest selection was 

 by mature males. The pine- juniper-grass type was selected by 

 fawns/productive females, but avoided by mature males. The 

 differences were greatest during summer, when fawns were 

 youngest and females with fawns generally isolated themselves 

 from other deer, and declined through autumn and winter. 



Possible differences in use of vegetation cover types 

 between females and males were also tested by comparing 

 vegetation composition of blocks most strongly selected by 

 adult females with that of blocks most strongly selected by 

 males through summer and autumn. Female-selected blocks were 

 those in which the number of females observed was at least 3 

 times that expected with a regular distribution and no males 

 were ever observed or, if males were observed, the ratio of 

 females to males was at least 5 times greater than expected on 



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