result from the absence of cattle would be extremely 

 ephemeral . 



The long-term impacts of cattle grazing on mule deer may 

 include some beneficial effects. For example, local 

 "overgrazing" by cattle, although undesirable from the 

 standpoint of range management, may have resulted in increased 

 vegetational diversity and abundance of forbs and rubber 

 rabbitbrush on small ridges and along edges of timbered and 

 sagebrush-grassland types. 



277 



