, and . 1984. Effect of family-bond deprivation on 



reproductive performance in female white-tailed deer. J. 

 Wildl. Manage. 48:1326-1334. 



Pac, D. F. 1976. Distribution, movements and habitat use 

 during spring, summer, and fall by mule deer associated 

 with the Armstrong winter range, Bridger Mountains, 

 Montana. Unpubl . M.S. Thesis, Montana State University, 

 Bozeman. 120 pp. 



. 1979. Statewide carcass collection. Montana Fish and 



Game Dept., Job Prog. Rept., Pro j . W-120-R-10. 17 pp. 



, R. J. Mackie, and H. E. Jorgensen. (in prep.). Mule 



deer population organization, behavior, and dynamics in 

 a northern Rocky Mountain environment. 



Peek, J.M. 1980. Natural regulation of ungulates (what 

 constitutes a real wilderness?). Wildl. Soc . Bull. 

 8:217-227. 



. 1986. A review of wildlife management. New Jersey: 



Prentice-Hall. 486 pp. 



, F. D. Johnson, and N. M. Pence. 1978. Successional 



trends in a ponderosa pine/bitterbrush community related 

 to grazing by livestock, wildlife and to fire. J. Range. 

 Manage. 31:49-53. 



Pellew, R. A. 1984. Food consumption and energy budgets of 

 the giraffe. J. Appl . Ecol . 21:141-159. 



Pennak, R. W. 1964. Collegiate Dictionary of Zoology. 

 Ronald Press Co., New York, 583 pp. 



Peterson, R. 0. 1977. Wolf ecology and prey relationships on 

 Isle Royale. U.S. Natl. Park Serv. Sci. Monogr. Ser. 11. 

 210 pp. 



Petrusewicz, K. 1963. Population growth induced by 

 disturbance in the ecological structure of the 

 population. Ekologia Polska, A, XI, 87-125. 



Pieper, R. D. 1978. Measurement techniques for herbaceous 

 and shrubby vegetation. Multilith. New Mexico State 

 Univ., Las Cruces . 148 pp. 



Pimentel, D. 1961. Animal population regulation by the 

 genetic feed-back mechanism. Amer. Naturalist. 95:65- 

 79. 



394 



