Appendix W 

 Happy Valley Wildlife 



surrounding the state parcel from the available big game winter range. Big game populations 

 (primarily the resident deer using the winter range) would likely see a slight reduction in winter 

 survival in the short-term, however the capacity of the larger winter range is not expected to 

 change with the proposed project. 



Mitigation Measures Included: 



• Retain patches of dense vegetation in harvest units within winter range when possible to provide 

 some thermal cover/snow intercept capacity. 



• Minimize number of open roads and restrict access on old roads and skid trails to reduce the 

 potential for unauthorized motor vehicle traffic. 



Literature Cited: 



Aney, W. and R. McClelland. 1985. Piieated woodpecker habitat relationships (revised). Pages 1 0- 1 7 /« 

 Warren, N. eds. 1990. Old growth habitats and associated wildlife species in the Northern Rocky 

 Mountains. USPS, Northern Region, Wildlife Habitat Relationships Program Rl -90-42. 47pp. 



Bull, E. L. and J. A. Jackson. 1995. Piieated woodpecker: Dryocopus pileatus. American Ornithologists' 

 Union. Washington DC. 24pp. 



DFWP. 1992. Montana Elk Management Plan. Montana Dept. Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. Wildlife Division. 

 Helena, MT. 170pp. 



Donovan, T. M., P. W. Jones, E. M. Annand, and F. R. Thompson III. 1997. Variation in local-scale effects: 

 mechanisms and landscape context. Ecology 78:2064-2075. 



Flathead National Forest. 1993. Standardized effects analysis for wildlife and sensitive plants. USDA 

 Forest Service, Kalispell, MT. 



Heijl, S. J. and R. E. Woods. 1991. Bird assemblages in old-growth and rotation-aged Douglas- 



fir/ponderosa pine stands in the Northern Rocky Mountains: a preliminary assessment. Pages 93- 

 100 //; D. M. Baumgartner and J, E. Lotan, eds. Proc. Symposium: Interior Douglas-fir: the species 

 and its management. Washington State University, Pullman, WA. 306pp. 



Hillis, J.M., and M.J. Thompson, J.E. Canfield, L.J. Lyon, C.L. Marcum, P.M. Dolan, and D.W. McCleerey. 

 1991. Defining elk security: the Hillis paradigm. Pages 38-43 in A.G. Christensen, L.J. Lyon, and 

 T.N. Lonner, comps., Proc. Elk Vulnerability Symp., Mont. State Univ., Bozeman, MT. 330pp. 



Losensky, B. J. 1997. Historical vegetation of Montana. DNRC Report, Missoula MT. 1 00pp. 



Montana Bald Eagle Working Group. 1994. Montana Bald Eagle management plan. USDI Bureau of Land 

 Management. Billings, MT. 61pp. 



McClelland, B.R. 1979. The piieated woodpecker in forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. Pages 283- 

 299 in J. G. Dickson, R. N. Conner, R. R. Fleet, J C. Kroll, and J. A. Jackson, editors. The role of 

 insectivorous birds in forest ecosystems. Academic Press, New York, NY. 



Ruediger, B., J. Claar, S. Mighton, B. Nanaey, T. Tinaldi, F. Wahl, N. Warren, D. Wenger, A. Williamson, 

 L. Lewis, B. Holt, G. Patton, J. Trick, A. Vandehey, S. Gniadek. 2000. Canada Lynx Conservation 

 Assessment (2nd Edition). USDA Forest Service, USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, USDI Bureau of 

 Land Management, and USDI National Park Service. Missoula, MT. 122 pp 



Thomas, J. W. 1979. Wildlife habitats in managed forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. 

 Agriculture Handbook No. 553. USDA Forest Service. Portland , OR. 512pp. 



W-13 



