HARVESTING AND MARKETING 167 



paper and make it solid by putting in a quantity of 

 excelsior next to the cover. This is practiced more 

 especially when sending boxes across the ocean, but 

 is not to be generally recommended. 



When apples are nicely packed in boxes they should 

 go in rows and tiers just as oranges are packed. On 

 the Pacific coast, where all these tricks are better un- 

 derstood than on this side of the Great Divide, they 

 do this thing excellently well. Mr. E. C. Dickerson of 

 North Yakima, Wash., explains his methods as fol- 

 lows : 



"There are some 30 or 40 commercial sizes of ap- 

 ples, covering all the varieties and their various 

 grades, which can be packed into the standard ap- 

 ple box in 30 or 40 different styles. For commercial 

 packing and shipping requirements most of the ordi- 

 nary grades of apples grown can be handled in seven 

 or eight different styles of packing, of which six dif- 

 ferent styles are shown and described below. 



"Figure i shows a four-row box of apples. This 

 box is the largest sized apple than can be packed into 

 the four-row grade. The box contains just 96 apples. 

 There are nine grades of the four-row apple, the 

 smallest of which is shown in Figure 2 and contains 

 128 apples. Every layer in this box of 128 is packed 

 in the same manner as that shown by the top layer. In 

 the box containing 96 the width is too great to allow 

 of their cheeks being all turned up, so in the layers be- 

 low, according to the size of the apples, one or more 

 of the layers are placed stem down. 



"Figure 3 shows the largest apples that can be 

 packed into the five-row grade. The box contains 

 just 140 specimens. This grade cannot be packed 



