In Montana and Idaho, several relatively long-distance movements in the past several years 

 have been documented both within and between years (Table 3). The movement by the female 

 and fledged brood to the Vermilion River was likely the result of disturbance due to marking 

 (Reichel and Center 1996). The female in Glacier Park has been seen at several locations over the 

 4 years since her banding (Ashley 1995); the locations in Table 3 are the furthest distance apart. 



For 35 marked Harlequins, Bengtson (1972) found no movement overland between breeding 

 streams and movement of only a few km within drainages. Not only did the birds return to the 

 same drainage, but in 22 out of 33 cases, the birds were observed within 100 m of their locations 

 during the previous year (Bengtson 1972). 



Table 3. Significant movements of Harlequins within and between years on the breeding 

 grounds (Cassirer and Groves 1994, Reichel and Center 1994, 1996; Ashley 1995, Cassirer 

 pers. comm.). 



Sex and age 



1st 

 Date 



Location 



2nd 

 Date 



Location 



Km 

 moved 



Adult Female 



755-76007 



Adult Female 

 & 6 young 



755-76013; 

 925-09336, 37, 

 38. 39. 40. 41 



Adult Male 



755-76075 



Adult Female 



755-76025 



8/4/92 Marten Creek, mouth 

 of (w/ brood) 



7/28/95 Marten Creek, near 

 mouth of 



7/30/93 Swamp Creek, T25N 

 R31W Section 9 (w/ 

 brood) 



7/29/95 Vermilion River 



5/26/93 Marten Creek, Devils 4/27/95 Vermilion River, 0. 1 

 Gap mi above Miners 



Gulch 



8/10/92 McDonald Creek 6/29/95 Middle Fork Flathead 



above McDonald Lake River (w/ brood) 



(w/ brood) 



16 



26 



31 



18 



Aduh Female 5/85 Hughes Fork 



II 1 7/9 1 Upper Priest River 



MIGRATION 



Nature of the migration in the species. All inland populations of the species migrate to 

 coastal waters, A marked female seen on Granite Creek, Idaho on 17 July 1991 was relocated 13 

 days later off of Battleship Island in the San Juan Islands, Washington (Cassirer and Groves 

 1992). In Iceland, birds are thought to swim up the rivers from the coastal wintering grounds to 

 the freshwater breeding sites (Gudmundsson 1961 /// Bengtson 1966). 



Timing and routes of migration Harlequins, typically unpaired males, begin to arrive in 

 Montana in mid- April (Kuchel 1977, Ashley 1994); the earliest record for Glacier National Park is 



