TABLE OF CONTENTS 



INTRODUCTION 1 



METHODS AND MATERIALS 2 



DISTRIBUTION 2 



NORTH AMERICA 2 



Breeding range 2 



Winter range 3 



OUTSIDE THE AMERICAS 3 



HISTORICAL CHANGES 3 



MOVEMENT '. 4 



ON THE BREEDING GROUNDS 4 



MIGRATION 5 



Nature of the migration in the species 5 



Timing and routes of migration 5 



Migratory behavior 6 



HABITAT PARAMETERS 6 



BREEDING RANGE: TERRESTRIAL 6 



Overstory 7 



Bank composition 7 



BREEDING RANGE: AQUATIC 7 



Stream width 7 



Stream gradient 8 



Channel morphology 8 



Aquatic habitat 8 



Substrate 9 



Loafing sites 9 



Quality 9 



Quantity 9 



Food availability 9 



Other 10 



WINTER (NON-BREEDING) RANGE 10 



BREEDING 10 



PHENOLOGY 10 



Pair formation 10 



Nest building 10 



Egg laying 10 



in 



