INTESTINAL FLUKES 229 



in man in the Malay countries. They are distinguished from 

 other flukes by the crown of spines around the mouth sucker. 

 One species, E. ilocanum, about one-fifth of an inch long, was 

 found endemic among some Filipinos in a prison in Manila. 

 The other, E. malayanum, about two-fifths of an inch long, oc- 

 casionally parasitizes man in the Malay countries. 



Gastrodiscoides hominis (Fig. 78) is a species which is character- 

 ized by the expansion of the posterior end of the body into a great 



FIG. 78. Gastrodicoides hominis. A, ventral view, showing disc-like expansion 

 and posterior position of ventral sucker; B and C, dorsal views; D, lateral view; 

 E, eggs. A-D, X3; E, X 65. (After Lewis and McConnell.) 



concave disc. It is a small reddish brown parasite a little over 



one-fourth of an inch in length, which inhabits the cecum and 



large intestine of hogs, and occasionally of man, in India. A 



closely allied species occurs in horses and 



asses in many parts of Africa. Watsonius 



watsoni (Fig. 79) is a related species, also 



reddish brown in color, found in the small 



intestine of West African negroes. A 



closely related species, Paramphistomum cervi, 



is found in the stomach of sheep and cattle 



x V*KM^Bfi^K^f . v 5 



in Egypt and has a life history almost 



identical with that of the sheep liver fluke. FIG. 79. Watsonius 



This or a very similar species occurs in the watsoni. Note promi- 



stomach of cattle in the United States. ^ g a e p n f 1 J^ 



Several large flukes of the genus Fasciolopsis posterior ventral 



n 11 T-J 7 7 sucker (v. s.). X about 



occur occasionally in man, especially F. ouski 35 (After Shipley 

 (Fig. 80), found in many East Asian countries. fr om Stiles and Gold- 

 This species reaches a length of over an inch 

 with a width of about half an inch, and has the ventral sucker 

 very close to the mouth. It normally inhabits the small intestine 

 of the hog but occasionally parasitizes man. The larval stages 

 are said to encyst in shrimps, but' Leiper had no success in in- 

 fecting hogs with the cysts which he found in shrimps. 



