84 GEOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF ALABAMA CLAYS. 



visible portion of the Orange Sand formation, and 

 is almost invariably overlaid by strata of pebbles and 

 pudding stone, which in their turn are sometimes 

 overlaid by common orange-colored sand. 



The most southerly exposure of these beds, known 

 to me, occurs on a small branch of McDouglas' Mill 

 creek, in Sections 5, 4, and 9, Township 6, Range 10, 

 east, near Mr. PannePs place. For more than a mile 

 along this branch there are exposures in which 

 about 20 feet of a whitish mass, varying from a fine 

 clayey sand to a white plastic clay, appears overlaid 

 by thick beds (20 to 40 feet) of ferruginous pebble 

 conglomerate ; the latter in its turn being overlaid by 

 the common ferruginous sand and brown sandstone 

 on the hilltops. Similar outcrops appear in the 

 neighborhood of Mr. Aleck Peden's place on Sections 

 3 and 27 ^Township 5, Range 10 east, northeast, of 

 PannePs Here also a white stratum of which only 

 a few feet are exhibited is overlaid by pebble conglo- 

 merate, and this by the common Orange Sand. The 

 white mass varies from white plastic clay to fine 

 grained aluminous sandstone; its upper layers are 

 sometimes composed of a singular conglomerated 

 mass, consisting of small, white quartz pebbles im- 

 bedded *n pure white pipeclay. In both localities, 

 copious springs of pure water are shed by the im- 

 pervious clay strata. At Mr. Peden's, ithere is a fine 

 bold chalybeate spring which seems, however, to 

 derive its mineral ingredients (sulphates of iron and 

 magnesia and common salt) from the adjacent 

 Carboniferous strata rather than from those of the 

 Orange Sand. In either of the localities mentioned, 

 materials suited for fine pottery, or queenware, 

 might be obtained. 



Thence northwest, the stratum is not often found 



