Vol. X, No. 9.] Notes on Ancient Anga. 321 



[N.S.] 



whose daughter Candana or Candravala was the first female 

 who embraced Jainism shortly after Mahavira attained the 

 Kevaliship and afterwards became the head of thirty-six 

 thousand nuns. S'atanlka, king of Kausambi, attacked Campa, 

 his capital, and in the confusion which ensued she fell into 

 the hands of a robber, but all along she maintained the vows of 

 of the order. 1 Magadha was then a small kingdom. A great 

 struggle for supremacy was going on between Anga and 

 Magadha. 2 The Vidhura-Pandita Jataka 3 describes Rajagrha 

 as a city of Anga, which evidently points to the prevailing 

 relations between the two countries. Sri Harsa speaks of 

 a king of Anga named Drdha-Varmma (Drirha Varmman) 

 being restored to his kingdom by Udayana, king of KauSambi 

 and contemporary of Buddha.* Brahmadatta, king of Anga, 

 defeated Bhattiya, — Ksatraujas of the Puranas, — king of Maga- 

 dha. But when his son Bimbisara called also Srenika, or Sreni- 

 ya, then a prince, grew up, he invaded Anga , killed Brahmadatta 

 and took his capital Campa. He resided there as viceroy till his 

 father's death when he returned to Rajagrha, the capital of 

 Magadha. 6 This is corroborated by the Sonadanda-Sutta, 

 from which it appears that Bimbisara granted some lands in 

 Campa as a royal fief to a Brahmin named Sonadanda. 6 Dr. 

 Rhys Davids perhaps refers to Bimbisara when he says that at 

 the time of Buddha, Anga was governed by a u wealthy 

 nobleman " who granted a pension to a particular Brahmin. 7 

 Brahmadatta was the last independent sovereign of Anga, and 

 according to Spence Hardy it never recovered its independence 

 but remained subject to Magadha. The conquest of Anga 

 took place when Buddha was yet a boy Thus from a very 

 remote period down to the time of Ksatraujas, Anga retained 

 its independence, but the Matsya and other Puranas give only 

 the names of kings who reigned there, from Anga, the founder 

 of the kingdom, to Prithusena, the grandson of Karna of the 



Mahabharat. 



The country of Anga, however, did not merge into the 

 kingdom of Magadha, as it was always governed as a separate 

 province under a governor with Campa as its capital. Bim- 

 bisara was its first viceroy while his father Ksatraujas was 

 alive, and when he himself ascended the throne of Magadha, 



1 Dr. Jacobis Jaina Sfdras, p. 267 ; Dr. Stevenson: Kalpasutra, 

 p. 93 ; Barodia's Hist, and Lit. of Jainism. 



* Jataka (Cam. Ed.), vol. iv, p. 281 — Champeyy a- J ataka. 



B Ibid.,vi, 133. 



4 Priyadarsika , Act iv. 



* Duffs Chronology of India, p. 5; Csoma Korosi: Dulva; fepence 



Hardy's Manual of Buddhism, p. 166 note. _ ., . 



6 See also Mahavagga, u 19; v. 1 (note by Dr. Rhvs Davids m 



S.B.E., xvii, 1). 



7 Buddhist India, p. 24. 



