Vol. X, No 9.] Notes on Ancient Anga. 323 



[JST.&] 



Anathapindika, who was married there in a family who were 

 the lay devotees of the Jaina religion. The whole family was 

 converted and Buddha came away after leaving Anuruddha to 

 complete the work of conversion in that country. 1 The 

 religion of Mahavira had spread over Vaisali, Rajagrha and 

 Campa, the three chief cities of three of the most powerful 

 kingdoms of the time , but the geni us of Buddhism prevailed over 

 the doctrines of Jainaism. Siha, the Lichavi general of 

 VaiSall, — an influential personage and a follower of the 

 Nigranthi sect, — embraced the Buddhist faith, notwithstanding 

 that he was prohibited by Niganthi Nataputta himself to visit 

 Buddha.* Bimbisara became a convert to Buddhism out of 

 conviction, and Ajata^atru became a follower of Buddha, as 

 Dr. Jacobi says, out of policy 8 ; but the qualms of conscience 

 that he felt on account of murdering his father, which found 

 solace in the teachings of Buddha. 4 and the disconsolate 

 condition to which he was reduced when he heard the tidings 

 of Buddha's death, 6 clearly indicate that his conversion was 

 not dictated bj^ policy simply to spite a rival sect for giving 

 shelter to his recalcitrant brothers. 



The subsequent history of Anga since its conquest by 

 Bimbisara is bound up with that of Magadha. In the 4th 

 century before the Christian era, Candragupta (321-297 B.C.) 

 subjugated the whole of Northern India and became a Cakra- 

 vartl or emperor of India, 6 and his extensive dominion com- 

 prised "the kingdoms of Ivosala and Benares, as well as 

 Anga and Magadha proper." 7 But it is difficult to ascertain 

 how the administration of the province of Anga was carried 

 on. It is, however, certain that in the 3rd century B.C., during 

 the reign of ASoka (273-231 B.C.), the administration of his 

 vast empire was, as may be gleaned from his rock-edicts, 

 carried on by viceroys or governors who were either princes of 

 the royal house or near relations of the monarch, and the 

 whole empire for this purpose, so far as it appears, was divided 

 into four provinces, the headquarters of which were at Taxila, 

 UjjayinI, ToSall and Suvarnagiri. 8 The eastern territories were 

 under the governor of ToSali, which has been identified by 

 James Prinsep with To^ala-Kosalaka or simply Kosala of the 

 Brahmanda Puran, in which the Dhauli or Durvala (Dubla) 



1 Kern: M.I.B., 37, 38. 



a Mvg., vi, 3. 



8 Intro., Jaina Sutras, p. 



4 Samannaphala Sutta. 



5 Spence Hardv : MB.,.-,-- 



« Kautilya's Arthasastra, Bk. ix, where Candragupta s dominion is 



mentioned as •• ^vrv^fiN " ; Vimu Puran, xxiv, iv, L 



• ft 



1 Mr. V. Smith : Early Hist, of India 

 8 Smith's Asoka. 44 : the Dhauli and 



