Vol. X, No. 9.] Notes on Ancient Anga. 337 



[N.S.] 



fifth Patriarch of the Jaina Church, who succeeded Prabhava, 

 lived at Campa where he composed for his son Manaka the 

 Dakavaikalika Sutra containing in ten lectures all the essence 

 of the sacred doctrines of Jainaism l in the 4th century b c. 

 The town next in importance to Campa in the country of 



Ariga was Mudga-giri or Monghir. It 

 ong lir ' was the Modagiri of the Mali a bh a rat,* 



which was conquered by Bhima. Mudgalaputra or Maudgalya, 

 a disciple of Buddha, converted S'rutavimsatikoti, a rich mer- 

 chant of this place, into Buddhism.^ Hence it was called 

 Maudgalya-giri. Buchanan says that it was the hermitage of 

 " Mudgala Muni who lived long ago/' 4 The tradition still 

 exists that Mudgala Rsi lived on an eminence which is now 

 submerged in the Ganges in front of Kastaharana Ghat. In the 

 Monghir copperplate inscription of Deva Pala it is called 

 Mudgagiri. 5 The town was visited by Hiuen Tsiang in the 

 7th century ad. : he calls it by the name of I-lan-na Po-fa-to, 

 which lias been rendered as Hiranya Parvata, but according 

 to General Cunningham it is a transcription of Harana 

 Parvata or Kasta-Harana Parvata as the town, which is situated 

 on a rocky eminence, overlooked the sacred bathing place called 

 Kasta-Harana Ghat. 6 This ghat is said to have derived its 

 sanctity from Ramachandra having bathed in it to expiate his 

 sin for having killed Ravana, who, though a Raksasa, was 

 nevertheless a Brahmin, being the son of Rsi Pulastya. This 

 story does not find a place in the Ramayana, or the story of Sita 

 having undergone the ordeal of fire at the place called Sita 

 Kunda, a spring of hot water, four miles to the east of Monghir. 

 The priests, however, say that the sanctity of the ghat is 

 mentioned in the Kurma Purana, though we could not trace it 

 out in any of the published work. 



Monghir was no doubt under the sway of the Karna 

 kings whose governors had their head-quarters in Campa, at 

 the^plaee called Karnagarh, as the tradition about Karracaura, 

 the highest peak of the Monghir hill, is associated with Raja 



Karna. 



Bhagalpur is a modern town, but eight miles south of it 



there is a large village called Bhada- 



Bhadanya. rfy - whJch jn the g th century BX , 



was called Bhadarika, where Mahavira, the last of the Jaina 

 Tirthankaras, spent two pajjusanas or rainy season retirement 

 after he attained the Kevaliship. 7 It must have been a very 

 wealthy and populous town at that period, as it was also 

 visited by Buddha, and in the Buddhist works it is called by 



1 Dr. BuhJer : Sthaviravali or Parisistaparvan. 



* ii, ch. 29. 3 Beal: Records, u, 18b. 



* Martin": East Ind., ii, 45. * Ind. Ant., vol. xxi. 



6 Arch. S. Rep., xv, 15, 16. T Dr. Jacobi : Kalpasutra. 



