METHODS AND MATERIALS 



Harlequin Ducks were surveyed on parts of the Kootenai, Flathead, Helena, and Lolo 

 National Forests and the Stillwater State Forest during May-August 1994 (see Fig. 1). Data 

 sheets are shown in Appendix C. We also marked birds in Glacier National Park; surveys there 

 were conducted primarily by Park Service personnel (Ashley 1994a, 1994b). Most surveys were 

 conducted by walking the stream channel (when possible) or stream bank. In most cases the 

 surveyor walked upstream, giving more time to observe the bird before it moved out of sight. 

 Some larger streams were surveyed partially or completely by kayak. Dates, locations, distance 

 surveyed, and general characteristics of the stream reaches surveyed were recorded; any 

 Harlequins sighted were noted with location, numbers, ages, and sex of birds present and habitat 

 at the site. For streams in the Flathead and Clark Fork drainages, we attempted to capture and 

 mark all birds seen, when a licensed, qualified bird-bander was present on the survey (Reichel or 

 Center). Captured birds were identified to sex and age, weighed, measured (wing cord and tail), 

 marked, and released. Except in Glacier National Park, all birds were marked with numbered 

 USFWS aluminum leg bands and colored nasal discs, individually recognizable by shape and 

 color combinations (see Appendix D). Birds in Glacier National Park were banded with a 

 USFWS aluminum band and a unique combination of 3 plastic, colored leg bands; the upper leg 

 bands were the narrow plastic-coated-wire band type. 



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