SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 189 



7. Palos Verdes sands^ fossiliferous, warmer 



climate 50 



6. Unfossiliferous sands 104 



(faunal unconformity) 

 5. San Pedro ("clayey sands of the San 



Pedro") stage-* 100 



(faunal unconformity) 

 4. Grits. Fossiliferous and laterally variant 



to gravels 1-4 



3. Sands. Unfossiliferous (?) of beach type. 0-25 

 2. Sands. Fossiliferous, warmer-water fauna 0-25 



(unconformity'') 

 1. Upper Pliocene sands. Markedly clayey, 



fossiliferous, cold water fauna 223 



FLEXURED FOLDS OF THE VENTURA RANGES 



On previous pages I have briefly defined the Ventura 

 Ranges, which consist of a belt of several parallel 

 elongated narrow ribbons of highlands and alternating 

 valleys adjusted to anticlinal and synclinal folds and 

 accompanied by some faults cf similar extent and 

 trend. That such narrow folds should persist as they 

 do through great distances is a remarkable feature, 

 but the fact that several parallel folds should occur in 

 a curved, belt-like arrangement is still more unusual. 

 This occurrence is like that of the strands of beads in 

 a lady's collar that have been collectively and horizon- 

 tally pushed into curvilinear arrangement. 



Furthermore, it is possible that the trend of the 

 southernmost of the ranges after crossing the Los 

 Angeles and San Gabriel rivers, may again bend by 



"Tieje identifies this horizon with the "La Brea Stage." 

 ^The upper San Pedro of Arnold. 

 'This unconformity was "inferred." 



