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present a short statement which outlines matters of principle; then 

 we would be pleased to answer any specific questions you might have. 



I am Carleton Ray. I have with me two associates on the Marine 

 Mammal Council. To aid you in directing your questions, I will out- 

 line our areas of expertise. ■ r 



Mr. William E. Schevill has studied the ecology and acoustics of 

 marine mammals for about 30 years. His field experience encompasses 

 both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Antarctic 

 watei-s. His primary concern has been the Cetacea (whales, dolphins, 

 and porpoises) . He has long been associated with both Harvard Uni- 

 versity and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and he was an 

 adviser to the U.S. Commissioner at the 1971 meetings of the Inter- 

 national Whaling Commission. 



Dr. Kenneth S. Norris is a professor at the University of California 

 (Los Angeles) and chief scientist. Marine Mammal Division of the 

 Oceanic Institute in Hawaii. He was formerly curator at the Marine- 

 land of the Pacific, and his research interests primarily concern Ce- 

 tacea of tropical and temperate waters. In addition, he has been 

 concerned with the California sea otter problem. 



I was formerly curator of the New York Aquarium and am now 

 associate professor at the Johns Hopkins University. I was also an 

 adviser to the U.S. Commissioner at the IWC meetings last June. My 

 research interests primarily concern polar (Arctic and Antarctic) 

 Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions, and walruses) . Another principal interest 

 of mine is marine conservation, and a paper on this subject was intro- 

 duced into the record of the hearings on ocean dumping by this com- 

 mittee a few months ago. 



Together, we represent both our particular fields of science and the 

 marine mammal program of the U.S. international biological program. 

 The IBP theme is "Productivity and Human Welfare" and we recog- 

 nize the necessity to consider marine mammals as an international 

 resource of both esthetic and economic value. We also recognize the 

 urgency to increase the research effort on marine mammals on an inter- 

 national level and we urge that, from both the biological and humani- 

 tarian points of view, marine mammals must be managed — not by 

 turning back the clock toward either pix>tectionism or overexploitation, 

 but by moving forward to an ecological viewpoint which considers 

 both marine mammals and man within ecosystems. 



The major concerns of the bill, H.E. 10420, are : (1) determining the 

 status of marine mammal populations; (2) assuring proper manage- 

 ment of marine mammals based on ecological considerations; (3) pro- 

 viding for marine mammal research and its adequate funding; (4) 

 establishing jurisdiction among Federal and State agencies; (5) pro- 

 moting greater international cooperation in marine mammal research, 

 conservation, and management; and (6) establishing a marine mam- 

 mal commission and its scientific advisory committee. 



Before considering these issues, we must observe that the over- 

 whelming thrust of our civilization is still toward the overexploita- 

 tion of resources. Such overexploitation has led to the rise of the 

 environmental consciousness felt so widely today. One form of this 

 has been protectionism, so easy for the uncritical to endorse in prin- 

 ciple, yet so narrow a method. The result is a confrontation between 

 those who believe that animals are to be exploited or managed and 



