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limitation of entry into a fishery on page 3, this having to do with the 

 fur seal being managed and the international treaty. 



What exactly do you mean by limitation of entry into a fishery ? 



Dr. Ray. That is the conflict'as legally defined between the rights of 

 claim under which mineral exploitation might be developed or res 

 communis under international law by which everyone owns a resource. 



Tlie Fishery Convention of the 1958 Geneva Convention is perhaps 

 the knottiest of all the four conventions. It is based on the fact that 

 you cannot claim a moving resource. We may know how much there is 

 of the resource, but as long as it is everybody's property, then anybody 

 can fish — it is an open fishery and this forces a fishennan to get there 

 with the least and try to get the most profit. 



It keeps its capital investment low and the margin of profit is also 

 low in many cases. 



The limitation of fishery concept would be that you cut up this fish- 

 ery, if you are going to fish at all, like a piece of pie and you make an 

 adjustment saying now let's have Russia, Japan, Canada, and the 

 United States share the productivity. We set an overall quantity of fur 

 seals to be killed and cut the pie up. This becomes biologically very ra- 

 tional ; nobody else can enter that fishery and jeopardize such a fishery. 



It also allows you to be more economical in your efforts. I think that 

 is one of the major difficulties of open ocean fisheries. 



For instance, the haddock case is well known in the Northeast and 

 is probably well known to you also. It is a classic case of open fishery 

 and the haddock has been ruined by it. 



Mr. Pelly. When I said the word "fishery," I did not associate it 

 with seals. 



Dr. Ray. Well, I do not either, sir. 



I try to call it a whalery. How about mammalry ? 



Mr. Pelly. You liave explained what caused my confusion, and I 

 think what you are saying probably is that after the 1973 convention 

 on the law of the sea, this is a matter that would be well discussed by 

 the various nations. 



Dr. Ray. I think at the plenipotentiary sessions it is going to be 

 discussed. 



I may express my feeling that this is so knotty that I feel that the 

 very future of man would be solved if we could solve this one because 

 it represents the extremely difficult problem of the rights of the high 

 seas. 



If we can ever get this viewpoint across of considering resources and 

 limiting entry, we will at least be on the road to solving some of the 

 very difficult problems of ocean exploitation. 



jNIr. Pelly. We have a real problem out in the Pacific Northwest 

 where oiir Pacific salmon move out into the high seas. We have a 

 treaty with Japan in which they agreed to abstain from fishing this 

 species east of a certain line and then we have South Korea, who is 

 not a signatory of the treaty comes in and takes salmon. Japan is not 

 going to abide by her abstention line if someone else is going to cut 

 in front of her and start taking those fish. 



Dr. Ray. That is right. This is a classical example and one reason 

 a moratorium-type of approach is so difficult. 



As you know, INIr. Pelly, you cannot control another nation that 

 is not a party. 



