415 



First, I was very impressed and rather moved by Dr. Hartmann's 

 previous testimony about the manatee in the Crystal River. 



Here, you have a pretty specific case where two things happen to 

 the manatee. You cannot protect the manatee by protecting the mana- 

 tee alone. You must protect its drainage so that pesticides and herbi- 

 cides do not knock off the food of the manatee. 



The second thing is the Crystal River he showed us some slides of 

 the manatees cut up by boat propellers. 



In this particular case we simply must eliminate power boats from 

 that area, no matter how fast they go. You should not run power boats 

 around manatees because you cannot see them and you are going to 

 cut them up. 



Now, that is a specific case where you might eliminate one particular 

 activity that is in conflict directly with a valuable animal. 



Broadly speaking, such a thing as the sanctuaries in title III of the 

 ocean dumping bill really speaks to a matter that is environmental. 



Let us take the Bering Sea which I know fairh' well. As an example, 

 in the Bering Sea we have the fur seal which is at the same population 

 as it was at about 1930. At that time it was increasing at 8 percent 

 per year. It is not now increasing at 8 percent per year and this is not 

 because of the commercial take. There is some other factor apparently 

 that is holding them down. 



There are a number of ways you can tell this, by mortality and 

 reproductive status of the females and so forth. 



There are two things we might guess that are affecting the fur seal. 

 One is the level of pollution of heavy metals and pesticides in the 

 Bering Sea which may affect the reproduction potential of males or 

 females. 



We know that DDT affects reproductive behavior, physiological re- 

 l)roductivity of animals. 



Second, out there is now a very large fishery in the Bering Sea which 

 competes directly with the fur seal for its food. 



Now, there is only a certain amount of food. Man is going to take it 

 or the fur seal is going to take it. In this case, it seems to me it is 

 patently obvious that we must have a Bering Sea treaty for salmon, 

 herring, crabs, and for fur seals all together. 



We have to consider these things as part of a system and this is very 

 definiteh' a possibility. 



If the State Department would pursue it, they might get some place. 

 This would be management of the Bering Sea as a whole where the 

 idea of sanctuary comes in because here we have the largest marifie 

 mammal populations on earth, and one of the largest fishery popula- 

 tion on earth. 



There are various ways we can jeopardize this productivity. One of 

 the best wavs it seems to me is the development of oil in an ice-covered 

 sea. Ice, believe me, can move ice breakers and oil rigs and to have an 

 oil spill, for instance, in a sea like this would be so incredibly wrong, 

 far more serious in an ice-covered sea for a number of reasons than 

 it would be in San Francisco Bay. 



Should we jeopardize this most productive area on earth for marine 

 mammals and other fisheries to develop oil ? 



I would at present take the position that we must have oil develop- 

 ment eliminated from the Bering Sea under present development 



