438 



except any local restrictions in Washington and some in Alaska, and 

 some in Florida, as guidelines noAV drawn up, which I view as 

 insufficient. 



Mr. Potter. As you may know, the Animal Welfare Act, which 

 passed the Congress last year, is now in force, and that gives the 

 Secretary of Agriculture the authority to regulate those exhibitioners 

 and scientists who have in their custody warmblooded animals. 



I have been in contact with the Department of Agriculture, and 

 they have indicated that they do not propose at this time to regulate 

 or establish — I better rephrase that. They are preparing to publish in 

 the Federal Kegister the regulations for the care of warmblooded 

 animals, but do not presently contemplate that marine mammals would 

 be included. 



Would you in this case recommend that whoever is given respon- 

 sibility for permitting the taking of marine mammals should also 

 be given authority to regulate conditions having to do with their c^re 

 and custody ? 



Dr. Ray. I think so, if I understand the various jurisdictional prob- 

 lems involved ; yes. 



You see, by take of an animal, you can kill it, or you can put it in a 

 zoo, or you can take it as a pet. A 11 are takes. 



Both Ken and I here were curators at institutions which we still 

 admire, the New York Aquarium and the Marineland of the Pacific. 



However, there are many organizations that do not quite come up 

 to the caliber we would like to see. 



I personally do not like the idea of people owning porpoises for 

 one thing, and I personally do not like the idea of the sale of porpoises 

 and seals. 



If you get a permit for it, okay, it is your responsibility, but not to 

 sell. 



This is a personal view. I know modifications must be made. 



Mr. Potter. I will resist the temptation to ask you what you feel 

 about people keeping other wild animals such as wolves. 



Dr. Ray. You should. 



Mr. Potter. The chairman has asked me to apologize for the fact 

 that he had to leave. 



He also asked me to thank all of you gentlemen for your help and 

 I think very useful statements. 



The hearings will resume at 2 o'clock this afternoon and we hope 

 that you can all be with us at the time. 



Thank you. 



The hearing is ad] oumed. 



(Following the close of testimony of Drs. Ray and Norris and Mr. 

 Schevill, three questions were asked of these gentlemen by cor- 

 respondence. The questions asked, and answers provided, are as 

 follows:) 



Question 1. In your statement, you described the concepts of "sustainable yield" 

 and "optimum yield," the latter figure being different when viewed from the 

 objective of economics as against population health. Could you explain these 

 in somewhat greater detail? 



Answer. Sustainable yield is "A harvest equaling the net population growth 

 at any selected population level. 



Optimum sustainable yield is tihe sustainable yield that results in a popula- 

 tion of an optimum numbei* of animals. "Optimum" may be defined according to 



