541 



Bastian, J. 1966 The transmission of arbitrary environmental information be- 

 tween bottlenose dolphins. In : Animal Sonar Systems/Biology and Bionics, 

 Vol. II, pp. 803-873 (Ed. R. G. Busnel, Laboratiore de Physiologie Acoustique, 

 Jouyen-Josas 78, France) 

 Bastian, J. et al. 1968 Further investigation of the transmission of arbitrary 

 information between bottlenose dolphins. NUWC TP 109 (a technical 

 publication of the Xaval Under.sea Research and Development Center). 

 The above two papers describe studies designed to ascertain if one porpoise, 

 presented with either a flashing or steady light, can, by acoustic signalsi alone, 

 "tell" another porpoise to push one or the other of two paddles. 

 EA'ans, W. E. and B. A. Powell 1967 Discrimination of different metallic plates 

 by an echolocating delphinid. In : Animal Sonar Systems — Biology & Bionics, 

 Vol. 1, pp 363-383 (Ed. R. G. Busnel, Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, 

 .Touyen-Joses 78. France) . 

 A bottlenose dolphin, blindfolded, was found to be capable of discriminating 

 by echolocation a 30 cm diameter target diddle) of 0.22 cm copi>er plate when 

 paired with targets of other materials, including aluminum plate. 

 Evans, W. E. 1967 Discussion of: Mechanisms of overcoming interference in 

 echolocating animals, by A. D. Grinnell. In : Animal Sonar Systems — Biology 

 & Bionics, Vol. 2, pp 495-503 (Ed. R. G. Busnel, Laboratoire de Physiologie 

 Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas 78, France) . 

 Discus.ses some of the possible interference factors in biological echolocation 

 in the aquatic environment. 



Evans, W. E. and J. Bastian 1969 Marine mammal communication ; social and 

 ecological factors. In: The Biology of Marine Mammals, pp 425-475 (Ed. 

 H. T. Andersen) Academic Press. 

 While many sounds made by marine mammals have social and communicative 

 significance, there is no good evidence that porpoises (regarding which there 

 has been much speculation) possess a language comjjarable to hvunan language. 

 Caldwell, M. C. et al 1966 Sounds and behavior of captive Amazon dolphin, 

 Inia geoffrensis. Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum, No. 

 108 :l-24. 

 Inia emits pulsed phonations that could be used for echolocation. The fresh- 

 water dolphins were not fearful of strange objects (as Tursiops usually is) and 

 exhibited curiosity and playfulness. 



Penner, R. H. and A. E. Murchison 1970 Experimentally demonstrated echoloca- 

 tion in the Amazon River porpoise, inia geoffrensis. NUC TP 187 (a technical 

 publication of the Naval Undersea Research and Development Center). 

 An analysis of the ability of a freshwater porpoise to discriminate, by echo- 

 location, wires or tubes of different diameters. 



Anonymous, 1970 Giant blue whale's detected by naval scientists. Commercial 

 Fisheries Review, 32 (10) :14. 



Blue whale.s encountered by W. C. Cummings and P. O. Thompson, produced 

 37 sec. murmurs that ranged from below 20 to 250 Hz. The sounds were about 

 80db re 1 microbar at 1 yd and were repeated at regular intervals. 



Northrop, J. and W. C. Cummings and Michael F. Morrison (In Press) Under- 

 water 20-Hz signals recorded near Midway Island. 



This paper describes doublets of 25 sec, 20-Hz signals believed to be from 

 whales. Signals occurred in trains of source levels ranging from 53 to 71 dB re 1 

 microbar at 1 yd. 



Anonymous, 1970 Sound stops white whale. Bio Science, 20(15) :881. 



Summarizes work of J. F. Fish and J. Vania wherein killer whale sounds were 

 played back to white whales in Alaskan waters. Playbacks proved to be a very 

 effective means of keeping the white whales from the Kvichak River where they 

 normally prey heavily upon young salmon migrating over to sea. 



Anonymous, 1970 Gray whales avoid sounds of killer whales. Oceanology Inter- 

 national. May 1970. P. 9. 

 Summarizes work of W. C. Cummings and P. O. Thompson in an attempt to 

 learn if the movements of migrating gray whales could be affected by playing 

 back killer whale sounds. Playback effectively caused gray whales to avoid the 

 source of these sounds whereas controls generally did not cause an avoidance. 



