542 



PHYSIOLOGY 



Coulombe, H. N. et al 1965 Respiratory water exchange in two species of porpoise. 

 Science 7^9(3679) :86-88. 



The exhalations of the two species of porpoises examined contain less water 

 vapor than those of terrestrial mammals. This is seen as an adaptation to con- 

 serve water in these animals which live in an environment where no fresh water 

 is available. 



Ridgway, S. H. and D. G. Johnston 1966 Blood oxygen and ecology of iK>rix)ises 

 of three genera. Science 151 (3709) :4.')&-4r>8. 

 The total blood-oxygen content of the highly active, deep diving Dall porpoise 

 is almost three times that of the coastal dwelling bottlenose. The pelagic white- 

 sided dolphin, less active than the Dall, is intermediate. Heart weight of the 

 Dall porpoise is about 140 percent that of the bottlenose. 



Horvath, S. M. et al 1968 Respiratory and electrophoretic characteristics of 

 hemoglobin of porpoises and sea lion. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 24 :1027-1033. 



Porpoises which swim faster and dive longer and deeper have greater hemo- 

 globin oxygen affinity than the slower-swimming, shallower and shorter-diving 

 species. 



Ridgway, S. H. 1966 Studies on diving depth and duration in Tnrsiops truncatus. 

 Proceedings of the 1966 Conference on Biological Sonar and Diving Mam- 

 mals, 15i-158. Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California. 



Ridgway, S. H. et al 1969 Respiration and deep diving in the bottlenose porpoise. 

 Science 166 :1651-1654. 



The above i>apers describe findings using a porpoise named Tuffy who was 

 trained to exhale into an inverted funnel just below the water after returning 

 from a dive and before surfacing to breathe, so that his lung air could be analyzed 

 for oxygen and carbon dioxide content. Comparison of these constitutents was 

 made after dives to depths to 975 feet, after pas.sive breath holding at the surface 

 for times comparable to those for different dive depths, and after the porpoise 

 swam between divers at 60 feet, again for times equated with different deep dive-s. 

 Below about 300 feet, the porix)ise apparently could not utilize the oxygen in its 

 lungs because of the compression of the water. 



Ridgway, S. H. and R. F. Green 1967. Evidence for a sexual rhythm in male 

 porpoises. Norsk Hvalfanst-Tidende No. 1 :l-8. 



HEALTH CARE & NUTOITION 



Miller, R. M. and S. H. Ridgway 1963 Clinical experiences with dolphins and 

 whales. Small Animal Clinician 5 (4) : 189-193. 



Diagnosis and treatment of diseases found in dolphins and whales. 

 Ridgway, S. H. and D. G. Johnston 1965. Two interesting disease cases in wild 

 cetaceans. Am. Jour. Vet. Res. 26(112) : 771-775. 



Describes a parasitic ct>ndition and gasitric ulcers with inability to digest fish 

 in two species of dolphin. 



Ridgway, S. H. 1965 Medical care of marine mammals. Jour. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 

 147(10) :1077-1085. 

 An account of experience gained in the diagnosis and treatment of a varieity 

 of marine mammals. 



Ridgway, S. H. 1967 Anesthetization of porpoises for major surgery. Science 

 i 58 (3800) : 510-512. 

 Account of a technique for achieving deep anesthesia in porpoises. Major 

 surgery (ovario-hystereetomy) has been performed with complete recovery. 



Ridgway, S. H. 1968 The bottlenosed dolphin in biomedical research. In : Methods 

 in Animal Exi^rimentation, Vol. 3, 387-446 (Ed. Wm. I. Gay) Academic 

 Press. 

 A broad account of the characteristics and behavior of the lK>ttlenose dophin 



as they relate to health care and biomedical research. 



