CHAPTER 3 



Page 3-38 : Add the following reference to the second paragraph under 3.9.4 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 

 OF PAST ACTIONS. 



Past Harvest. All parcels across all ownerships proposed for exchange have had extensive harvest, and 

 most sections show two ages of previous harvest and similar effects. Older harvest (>20years) is 

 apparent on most moderate to steep slopes up to 50% as evidenced on aerial photos. Over such a broad 

 area we can only estimate past harvest effects to be 15-25% impacted by skid trails and landings 

 (Bradshaw 1979). Old skid trails typically had higher impacts of soil displacement, erosion and 

 compaction, due to lower sensitivity to resource concerns and the tendency to skid steeper slopes than 

 currently accepted. More recent harvest and thinning since 1980 generally show less ground impacts, 

 due to an increased concern for long-term soil productivity and implementation of BMPs in the 1990s. 

 Recent harvest in the 1980s was mainly on more moderate slopes with conventional tractor harvest. 

 Roads were improved to establish road drainage and several road closures were made. 



Reference: 



Bradshaw, G. 1979. Preplanned skid trails and winching versus conventional harvesting on a partial cut. 

 Oregon State University, Forest Research Lab Note 62. 



BGWMA Land Exchanges Final Environmental Impact Statement 



