^'■#' 



i» 



If 



* m 



Figure 39.— Lush grasses on reclaimed land at the south Beulah mine in North Dakota. Species include western and inter- 

 mediate wheatgrasses, brome, and alfalfa. The escarpment on the left is lined with cottonwoods, willows, and other 

 deciduous trees and marks the edge of natural vegetation along the initial cut. Mining proceeded from left to right. Gentle 

 slopes and excellent reclamation practices in an area of relatively high moisture (16 to 18 inches of rainfall per year), and low 

 evapotranspiration have produced this dense vegetative cover. October 1978. 



Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands: Madison, 

 Wisconsin, American Society of Agronomy— Crop 

 Science Society of America — Soil Science Society of 

 America, p. 521-535. 



Richardson, B. Z., Farmer, E. E., Brown, R. W., and Packer, 

 P. E., 1975, Rehabilitation research and its application 

 on surface mined areas of eastern Montana, in Pro- 

 ceedings of the Fort Union Coal Field Symposium with 

 Montana Academy of Science, v. 3, Reclamation Sec- 

 tion: Billings, East Montana College, p. 247-265. 



Ries, R. E., and Day, A. D., 1978, Use of irrigation in reclama- 

 tion in dry regions, in Schaller, F. W., and Sutton, P., 

 eds.. Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands: Madi- 

 son, Wisconsin, American Society of Agronomy— Crop 

 Science Society of America— Soil Science Society of 

 America, p. 505-520. 



Sandoval, F. M., and Gould, W. L, 1978, in Schaller, F. W., 

 and Sutton, P., eds.. Reclamation of drastically dis- 

 turbed lands: Madison, Wisconsin, American Society of 

 Agronomy— Crop Science Society of America— Soil 

 Science Society of America, p. 485-504. 



Schumacher, A. E., Hermish, R., and Bedwang, A. L, 1977, 

 Coal mine spoils and their revegetation patterns in cen- 

 tral Alberta, in Canadian Land Reclamation Association, 



2d annual meeting, Edmonton, University of Alberta, 



1977, 20 p. 



Scholz, K. E., 1978, SEAM report for FY 1977: U.S. Forest 

 Service, Surface Environment and Mining Program, 18 p. 



Scott, M. D., 1978, Use of the computer for reclamation plan- 

 ning at large surface mines, in Canadian Land Reclama- 

 tion Association, 3d annual meeting, Sudbury, Ontario, 



1978, Proceedings, p. 309-314. 



Thornburg, A. A., 1980, Plant materials for use on surface- 

 mined lands in arid and semiarid regions: U.S. Soil Con- 

 servation Service. 



Thornburg, A. A., and Fuchs, S. H. 1978, Plant materials and 

 requirements for growth in dry regions, in Schaller, 

 F. W., and Sutton, P., eds.. Reclamation of drastically 

 disturbed lands: Madison, Wisconsin, American Society 

 of Agronomy— Crop Science Society of America— Soil 

 Science Society of America, p. 41 1 -423. 



Trimble, D. F., 1979, Unstable ground in western North 

 Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 226, 19 p. 



U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Department of State 

 Lands, 1979, Draft environmental statement. Northern 

 Powder River Basin coal, Montana: U.S. Geological 

 Survey and Montana Department of State Lands, Draft 



54 



