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• chemicals used in the bleach plant such as chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, 

 surfactants, and defoamer; 



• materials used and stored in the maintenance shops and "stores" areas, such as 

 oils, fuels, solvents, defoamers, and polymers, 



• wastewater, foam, and defoamer spilled outside of the wastewater treatment 

 system; 



• oil, diesel fuel, fliel oil, boiler feed chemicals, caustic and sulfijric acid in the 

 boiler building and turbine building 



The measures developed to address potential spills were divided into two categories; 

 prevention and containment. The spill prevention measures include over 60 specific 

 measures which can be categorized as: 



• a program of installing instrumentation and control improvements, such as 

 tank level sensors and alarms, pipeline pressure sensors and alarms, 

 chlorine detectors, and non-discharging liquor density monitors, 



modification of operating procedures and methods, 



improved labeling program for piping and equipment; 



installation of a standby power system to operate critical loads during 

 power outages, 



installation of additional equipment, such as instrument air compressors, 

 pumps, and a vent line separator, 



rerouting piping, particularly overflows, to more appropriate locations, 



installation of paving and curbing as appropriate to prevent migration of 

 spilled material out of the immediate area of a pci ;ntial spill, 



installation of drip pans to collect oil and fiiei from pipes and hoses in the 

 wood room, the boiler house, and in the machine room, 



root cause analysis of process upsets and spills to 



The spill containment measures were consolidated into 20 projects briefly described as 

 follows: 



Project 1 - Liquor tank containment 



Project 2 - Digester/accumulator area pump station 



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