CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Letter of transmitted! 5 



Letter to teachers 6 



Note. 6 



Chapter I. The forests. _ 7 



Chapter II. The species__ 19 



The pines _. 21 



The larches 29 



Spruce . 33 



Hemlocks 37 



Douglas spruce__ 41 



Firs 45 



Arbor vitas 49 



Junipers 53 



The yew . !___ 57 



Chapter III. Directions for the study of the conifers 59 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page. 

 FK;. 1. Typical stand of Yellow Pine in western Montana. Scene in the 



Lolo Valley in August. A southern slope Frontispiece. 



2. Mature Western Yellow Pine, with undergrowth mainly of Doug- 



las Spruce. Bottom lands of Lolo Valley, Montana 8 



3. Near view of the trunk of the Western Yellow Pine. Tree about 3 



feet in diameter ; young Yellow Pine in the foreground 10 



4. A forest of Lodgepole Pine in the Glacier National Park. August- 12 



5. White Pine, in the Flathead Valley, Montana. July 14 



6. W T hite Pine, on Priest River, northern Idaho. Tree over 3 feet in 



diameter ; young Western Hemlocks in the foreground. July 16 



7. Whitebark Pine, in Glacier Park. About 16 inches in diameter; 



altitude about 6,500 feet 18 



8. Limber Pine. On an exposed ridge east of the Divide 20 



9. Southern Longleaf Pine. Illustrating position of stamina te and 



ovulate flowers. Upper left, a branch with staminate cones; 

 right, a branch w T ith cones of three ages ; at the top are two 

 small cones at time of pollination ; midway two cones a year 

 older; below, cones approaching maturity 22 



10. Pine cone, open. Below, to the left, lower side of seed-bearing 



scale showing bract ; to the right, the upper side showing seeds ; 

 above to right and left, seeds with wings . 22 



11. Western Yelknv Pine. A branch taken in July. The small cones 



in the center above were pollinated in May preceding ; the larger 

 cones below are a year older, and would have ripened in late 

 August. About one-third natural size 24 



3 



