DRArr EIS tU-OSSARY OK TKRMS AM) ABBKKVIAIIONS 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 



adaptive management: a model for wolf conservation and management in which the number of wolf 

 packs determines the appropriate management strategies; changes in the number of packs determined 

 through a monitoring program directs selection of more conservative or liberal management strategies; 

 model incorporates resource objectives, monitoring protocols, evaluation of predicted outcomes, and a 

 decision process 



aggression: dominance behavior typical of canid species demonstrated towards humans 



BLM: U.S. Bureau of Land Management 



breeding pair: at least two adult wolves with at least two pups that survive to December 31 ; the number 

 of breeding pairs are tabulated and used to measure progress towards the USFWS recovery goal for the 

 gray wolf in the northern Rockies 



CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 



compensation: monetary payment to offset or replace the economic loss for a death or injury to livestock 

 or guarding animals due to wolf activity; may also entail financial assistance to livestock producers to 

 offset costs associated with modification to husbandry practices to minimize the potential for wolf- 

 livestock conflicts 



confirmed depredation: incident where Wildlife Services conducts a field investigation of dead or 

 injured livestock, at the request of the producer; depredation is confirmed in cases where there is 

 reasonable physical evidence that an animal was actually attacked and/or killed by a wolf. The primary 

 confirmation would ordinarily be the presence of bite marks and associated subcutaneous hemorrhaging 

 and tissue damage, indicating that the attack occurred while the victim was alive, as opposed to simply 

 feeding on an already dead animal. Spacing between canine tooth punctures, feeding pattern on the 

 carcass, fresh tracks, scat, hairs rubbed off on fences or brush, and/or eye witness accounts of the attack 

 may help identify the specific species or individual responsible for the depredation. Predation might also 

 be confirmed in the absence of bite marks and associated hemorrhaging (i.e. if much of the carcass has 

 already been consumed by the predator or scavengers) if there is other physical evidence to confirm 

 predation on the live animal. This might include blood spilled or sprayed at a nearby attack site or other 

 evidence of an attack or struggle. There may also be nearby remains of other victims for which there is 

 still sufficient evidence to confirm predation, allowing reasonable inference of confirmed predation on the 

 animal that has been largely consumed 



Council: Montana Wolf Management Advisory Council 



defen.se of life/property: release from criminal liability for killing or injuring a wolf if the wolf is 

 attacking, killing, or threatening to kill a person, livestock, or a domestic dog (MCA 87-3-130) 



delisting: removal of the gray wolf from the list of "threatened or endangered" species that are managed 

 by the U.S. Fi.sh and Wildlife Service under the Endangered Species Act; delisting requires evaluation of 

 current status of species compared to the delisting criteria with regard to habitat, over utilization, 

 disease/predation, existing regulatory mechanisms, and other factors affecting the continued existence of 

 the species; if the current status is secure in each of the 5 categories and the recovery criteria are met, a 

 species is delisted and managed by the state or tribal fish and wildlife management authority 



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