URAITFIS APt'KNOIX I 



Interagency, Interstate, and Tribal Coordination 



In the North American model of wildUfe conservation, the states have almost sole authority over wildhfe 

 management, except for federal trust species (e.g. migratory birds or ESA listings), reserved federal lands (e.g. 

 national parks), or Native American treaty rights. On tribally owned lands, the tribes maintain wildlife management 

 authority. Because of the unique history and relationships between federal and state governments, tribes, the public, 

 and wolves, restoration in the northern Rockies required the participation of all parties. It will take a high degree of 

 cooperation and commitment among all parties to sustain the population. 



Table 1 . The spectrum of management activities to manage and conserve wolves in Montana. The adaptive 



management model calls for selection of different management strategies as the number of wolf packs 

 changes from less than 15 to 15 or greater. The different management settings (Public Lands and Mixed 

 Land Ownerships) call for different strategies, depending on landownership patterns, social factors, land 

 use patterns, biological constraints, and the physical attributes of the environment. Some management 

 strategies may apply across all numbers of wolf packs or management settings, as indicated by the right 

 artows. 



WOLF PACK NUMBER 



Less Than 15 Packs* 



15 Packs or Greater 



Public Lands 



(backcountry areas 



& near National 



Parks) 



Mixed Land 

 Ownerships 



(interspersed 

 public and private 

 lands; interspersed 



agriculture) 



Public Lands 



(backcountry areas 



& near National 



Parks) 



Mixed Land 

 Ownerships 



(interspersed public 



and private lands; 



interspersed 



agriculture) 



Montana 



Fish, 



Wildlife & 



Parks 



Adaptive 

 management 



Integrate with 

 ungulate management 



Health and disease 

 surveillance 



Population 

 monitoring 



Research to improve 

 Table 1 . Continued. 



Conservation 



and 



Management 



Strategies 



wolf-ungulate 

 interactions 



Research to evaluate 

 specific management 

 actions 



Law enforcement, 

 high priority 



Public outreach to 

 inform and address 

 specific needs 



Enhanced 



population 



monitoring 



Limited monitoring 

 to determine pack 

 status 



Enhanced monitoring 

 in selected areas 



Law enforcement 



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