DRAIT EIS ,\PPKM)IX 1 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIA TIONS 



adaptive management: a model for wolf conservation and management in which the number of wolf packs 

 dctennincs ihe appropriate management strategies; changes in the number of packs determined through a monitoring 

 program directs selection of more conservative or liberal management strategies; model incorporates resource 

 objectives, monitoring protocols, evaluation of predicted outcomes, and a decision process 



aggression: dominance behavior typical of canid species demonstrated towards humans 



BLM: U.S. Bureau of Land Management 



CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 



compensation: monetary payment to offset or replace the economic loss for a death or injury to livestock or 

 guarding animals due to wolf activity; may also entail financial assistance to livestock producers to offset costs 

 associated with modification to husbandry practices to minimize the potential for wolf-livestock conflicts 



confirmed depredation: incident where Wildlife Services conducts a field investigation of dead or injured 

 livestock, at the request of the producer; depredation is confirmed in cases where there is reasonable physical 

 evidence that an animal was actually attacked and/or killed by a wolf. The primary confirmation would ordinarily 

 be the presence of bite marks and associated subcutaneous hemorrhaging and tissue damage, indicating that the 

 attack occurred while the victim was alive, as opposed to simply feeding on an already dead animal. Spacing 

 between canine tooth punctures, feeding pattern on the carcass, fresh tracks, scat, hairs rubbed off on fences or 

 brush, and/or eye witness accounts of the attack may help identify the specific species or individual responsible for 

 the depredation. Predation might also be confirmed in the absence of bite marks and associated hemorrhaging (i.e. if 

 much of the carcass has already been consumed by the predator or scavengers) if there is other physical evidence to 

 confirm predation on the live animal. This might include blood spilled or sprayed at a nearby attack site or other 

 evidence of an attack or struggle. There may also be nearby remains of other victims for which there is still 

 sufficient evidence to confirm predation, allowing reasonable inference of confirmed predation on the animal that 

 has been largely consumed 



Council: Montana Wolf Management Advisory Council 



defense of life/property: release from criminal liability for killing or injuring a wolf if the wolf is attacking, 

 killing, or threatening to kill a person, livestock, or a domestic dog (MCA 87-3-130) 



delisting: removal of the gray wolf from the list of "threatened or endangered" species that are managed by the U.S. 

 Fish and Wildlife Service under the Endangered Species Act; delisting requires evaluation of current status of 

 species compared to the delisting criteria with regard to habitat, over utilization, disease/predation, existing 

 regulatory mechanisms, and other factors affecting the continued existence of the species; if the current status is 

 secure in each of the 5 categories and the recovery criteria are met, a species is dehsted and managed by the state or 

 tribal tish and wildlife management authority 



depredation: incident where livestock or guarding animals are injured or killed 



ESA: Endangered Species Act 



GNP: Glacier National Park 



GYA: Greater Yellowstone Area 



habituation: readily visible in close proximity to people or structures on a regular basis; not threatened by close 

 proximity and may even be attracted to human presence or huinan food sources; extremely rare behavior in wild 

 wolves, but typical behavior for released captive wolf or wolf-dog hybrid; for wolves, may or may not involve food 

 conditioning 



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