ORAFTEISAPCKNtHXI 



illegal mortality: wolf mortality outside the provisions of a special kill permit, defense of life or property, agency 

 management actions, a MFWP Commission approved season, or outside other regulations established for the gray 

 wolf as a legally classified "species in need of management" 



guarding animals: domestic animals (dogs, llamas etc.) that escort livestock to decrease likelihood of a 

 depredation incident by aggressively defending livestock in the presence of wolves or other predators 



legal mortality: lethal control or mortality of a wolf within the provisions of a special kill permit, defense of life or 

 property, agency management actions, a MFWP Commission-approved season, or the regulations established for the 

 gray wolf as a legally classified "species in need of management" 



lethal control: management actions that result in the death of a wolf 



livestock: cattle, calves, hogs, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, lambs, goats, and guarding animals 



management setting: the combination of landownership patterns, land use, social factors, biological constraints, 

 and physical attributes of the environment that describe a particular area or management situation 



management: the collection and application of biological information for the purposes of increasing the number of 

 individuals within species and populations of wildlife, up to the optimum carrying capacity of their habitat, and 

 maintaining such levels. The term includes the entire range of activities that constitute a modem scientific resource 

 program including but not limited to research, census, law enforcement, habitat improvement, and education. Also 

 included within the term, when and where appropriate, is the periodic or total protection of species or populations as 

 well as regulated taking (MCA 87-5-102) 



MDOL: Montana Department of Livestock 



MFWP: Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks 



mixed landownership: patterns of land ownership where privately owned lands are intermingled with public lands 

 and/or corporate-owned lands; sometimes called a "checkerboard pattern" 



NPS: U.S. National Park Service 



non-lethal control: a variety of management activities intended to avert or resolve a conflict situation without 

 killing the wolf or wolves in question; examples include non lethal harassment to disrupt or interrupt wolf behaviors, 

 frightening a wolf, monitoring of wolf location using radio telemetry, or relocation 



non-lethal harassment: an example of non-lethal control where a wolf is frightened or threatened, but is not 



mortally wounded or killed; purpose is to discourage wolf activity 



near people or livestock; examples yelling, radio-activated noise-makers, or firearms which discharge cracker shells 



NPS: National Park Service 



probable depredation: incident where WildHfe Services conducts a field investigation of dead or injured livestock, 

 at the request of the producer; having some evidence to suggest possible predation, but lacking sufficient evidence to 

 clearly confirm predation by a particular species, a kill may be classified as probable depending on a number of 

 other factors such as (1 ) has there been any recently confirmed predation by the suspected depredating species in the 

 same or nearby area? (2) How recently had the livestock owner or his employees observed the livestock? (3) Is 

 there evidence (telemetry monitoring data, sightings, howling, fresh tracks etc.) to suggest that the suspected 

 depredating species may have been in the area when the depredation occurred? All of these factors, and possibly 

 others, should be considered in the investigator's best professional judgment. 



problem wolf: wolf that has attacked livestock, or is a nuisance animal that could potentially compromise human 

 safety 



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