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APPENDIX 4 



Partial Bibliography of Predator-prey Interactions 



Abrams, P. A. 1993. Why predation rate should not be proportional to predator density. Ecology 74(3):726-733. 



Akenson, H., J. Akenson, and H. Quigley. 2001 . Winter predation and interactions of cougars and wolves in the 



central Idaho wilderness. Homocker Wildlife Institute, Bozeman, Montana. Abstract in Proceedings of the 

 13"" Annual North American Interagency Wolf Conference, April 2001, Chico Hot Springs. 



Ballard, W. B., J.S. Whitman, and C. L. Gardner. 1987. Ecology of an exploited wolf population in south central 

 Alaska. Wildlife Monographs. No. 98. 54pp. 



Ballard, W. B., J. S. Whitman, and D. J. Reed. 1991. Population dynamics of moose in south-central Alaska. 

 Wildlife Monographs No. 114. 49pp. 



Ballard, W. B., L. A. Ayres, P. R. Krausman, D. J. Reed, and S. G. Fancy. 1997. Ecology of wolves in relation to a 

 migratory caribou herd in northwest Alaska. Wildlife Monographs. No. 135. 47pp. 



Ballard, W. B., D. Lutz, T. W. Keegan, L. H. Carpenter, and J. C. Devos Jr. 2001. Deer-predator relationships: a 

 review of recent North American studies with emphasis on mule and black-tailed deer. Wildlife Society 

 BuUetin29(l):99-115. 



Berger, J., J. E. Swenson, and I. L. Persson. 2001. Recolonizing carnivores and Naive prey: conservation lessons 

 from Pleistocene extinctions. Science 291:1036-1039. 



Bergerud, A. T. and B. Snider. 1988. Predationin the dynamics of moose populations: a reply. Journal of Wildlife 

 Management 52:559-564. 



Bergerud, A. T., W. Wyett, and B. Snider. 1983. The role of wolf predation in limiting a moose population. 

 Journal of Wildlife Management 47:977-988. 



Boertje, R. D., P. Valkenburg, and M. E. McNay. 1996. Increases in moose, caribou, and wolves following wolf 

 control in Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:474-489. 



Boyd, D. K., R. R. Ream, D. H. Pletscher, and M. W. Fairchild. 1994. Prey taken by colonizing wolves and hunters 

 in the Glacier National Park area. Journal of Wildhfe Management 58(2):289-295. 



Bureau, M. J. 1992. Mortality and seasonal distribution of elk in an area recently colonized by wolves. M. S. 

 thesis. University of Montana, Missoula. 115pp. 



DelGuidice, G. D. 1998. Surplus killing of white-tailed deer by wolves in northcentral Minnesota. Journal of 

 Mammalogy 79( l):227-235. 



Estes, J. A. 1996. Predators and ecosystem management. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24(3):390-396. 



Fritts, S. H. and L. D. Mech. 1981 . Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf 

 population in northwestern Minnesota. WildUfe Monographs. No. 80. 79pp. 



Forbes, G. J. and J. B. Theberge. 1996. Response by wolves to prey variation in central Ontario. Canadian Journal 

 of Zoology 74:1511-1520. 



Fuller, T. K. 1989. Population dynamics of wolves in north central Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs. No. 105: 

 41pp. 



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