ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 167 



plough. (Compare Gay, Zoologia de Chile, Mamiferos, 

 1847, p. 154.) The usual custom in Peru was to plough 

 with men only. (See the Inca Garcilaso's Comrnentarios 

 reales, P. i. lib. v. cap. 2, p. 133 ; and Prescott, Hist, of 

 the Conquest of Peru, 1847, vol. i. p. 136.) Mr. Barton 

 has made it appear probable that, among some of the tribes 

 of Western Canada, the buffalo was from early times made 

 an object of care for the sake of its flesh and skin. (Frag- 

 ments of the Nat. Hist, of Pennsylvania, P. i. p. 4.) In 

 Peru and Quito the lama is now nowhere found in a state of 

 original wildness. I was told by the natives that the lamas 

 on the western declivity of the Chimborazo had become wild 

 when the ancient residence of the rulers of Quito "Lican" 

 was laid in ashes. In the same manner the oxen in the Ceja 

 de la Montana, in Middle Peru, have become perfectly wild : 

 they are a small and daring race, and often attack the Indians. 

 The natives call them Yacas del Monte, or Vacas cimarronas. 

 (Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, S . 2 5 6 . ) Cuvier' s opinion, that the 

 lama had descended from the still wild Guanaco, has been 

 unfortunately still further disseminated by the meritorious 

 traveller Meyen, (Eeise urn die Erde, Th. iii. S. 64), but 

 has been completely refuted by von Tschudi. 



The Lama, the Paco or Alpaca, and the Guanaco, are 

 three originally distinct species of animals. (Tschudi, S. 

 228 and 237.) The Guanaco (Huanacu in the Quichua 

 language) is the largest of the three; and the Alpaca, 

 measured from the ground to the crown of the head, the 

 smallest. The lama is next to the guanaco in stature. 

 Herds of lamas, when they are as numerous as I have seen 



