OUR INDIAN WARDS 209 



seven Indian cities believed in Spain to contain enor- 

 mous stores of gold. The Fathers established mis- 

 sions up all the California coast which Indians them- 

 selves built under their instructions. The earliest 

 expeditions to Puget Sound discovered Indians 

 throughout the Northwest. 



So also in the East. In 1604 Champlain met 

 Indians in large numbers in what then was Massa- 

 chusetts but now is Maine. In 1620, the Pilgrim 

 Fathers found them in Massachusetts. First set- 

 tlers fought them for a foothold all the way south 

 to Georgia, and westward, along the entire continen- 

 tal front. The first century of settlement was one of 

 massacre and war from Maine to Florida. Count- 

 less Colonial hostilities culminated in the French and 

 Indian War. 



From 1782 to 1785, the new nation fought In- 

 dian wars in Pennsylvania. From 1790 to 1795, it 

 fought almost constantly the Chippewas, Delawares, 

 Miamis, Mingoes, Ottowas, Potawatomies, and 

 Shawnees. In 1806 Lewis and Clarke encountered 

 Indians all the way to the Pacific Coast and back. 

 Between 1782 and 1898 records show sixty-seven 

 distinct wars between United States troops and In- 

 dians, some of them small and brief, of course, but 

 others bitter and bloody, spreading over years. 



In one of these, by the way, General Harrison 

 paved the way for his Congressional and Presiden- 

 tial career by defeat of confederated tribes at Tip- 

 pecanoe, Indiana, in 1811. In the war against the 



