PAET FIRST. 



In proceeding to record the geological observations of 1857, I shall 

 follow nearly my line of travel through the various counties from the 

 north-east corner of the state, towards the west, and give the results of 

 my observations under the heads of the different counties through which 

 the geological corps passed. 



GEEENE COUNTY. 



The so-called Chalk Bluffs form the extreme north-east boundary of 

 Crowley's ridge, where it abuts on the St. Francis river, a very short dis- 

 tance below where that stream leaves the State of Missouri and enters 

 Arkansas, and constitute, therefore, the north-east termination of that 

 extensive ridge of land which extends from Helena, on the Mississippi, in 

 Phillips county, through St. Francis, Poinsett and Greene counties, divid- 

 ing the waters of the St. Francis from those of White river, and giving 

 origin to the heads of the western tributaries of the formeF, and the east- 

 ern tributaries of the latter streams. 



This ridge, so far as it has yet been explored, i. e., to the north line of 

 township 10 north, is composed of, comparatively, very recent deposits 

 mostly of incoherent or but very partially indurated materials belonging 

 to the age of the so-called quarter nary formation, with the exception of a 

 few very limited areas where hard quartzose sandstones of very ancient 

 date protrude through these beds. 



The base of the quaternary deposits, forming the northern terminus of 

 the Crowley Ridge, is a potter's clay of considerable purity, and nearly as 

 white as chalk; hence the name of the Chalk Bluffs, where this white clay 

 is exposed on the banks of the St. Francis river, a few feet above low 

 water of that stream, in the north-east extremity of Greene county. 



