OF ARKANSAS. 



119 



fa 



where they form synclinal folds or troughs, is salt. By boring a few hun- 

 dred feet, in some favorable position, it is highly probable a productive 

 brine might be reached. Such a place is the Clay lick, on the property of 

 Maj. John Billingsley, on the east prong of the Illinois river, near where 

 the mountain road crosses that stream. I tested water which oozes up in 

 this lick, and found it to contain a notable quantity of chloride of sodium, 

 or common salt, some chloride of magnesium, and only a trace of sulphates. 



The succession, in the 

 ridge south-west of 

 where the road crosses 

 the East fork of the Illi- 

 nois river, is represented 

 in the annexed diagram, 

 the levels commencing 

 in the bed of the East 

 fork of the Illinois river, 

 and extending to the top 

 of the ridge, over which 

 the road passes. 



On the waters of the 

 same branch of the Illi- 

 nois river, on Dr. Kuy- 

 kendall's place, a fine 



L I. L 



so 



:iu 



70 



Soft brown sandstone. 

 A few feet of limestone. 

 Sandstone. 



Ferruginous sandy shales. 



Archimedes limestones. 



chalybeate spring issues from the bed of ferruginous sandstone of the mill 

 stone grit series. This water has a powerful deoxidizing effect, instantly 

 blackening a silver solution, even without the addition of ammonia; from 

 this fact and the comparative small amount of carbonic acid present, it is 

 probable that the protoxide of iron present, is held in solution by some 

 organic acid. This water will probably be found to have valuable alterative 

 and tonic effects combined. 



About a quarter of a mile from Dr. Kuykendall's there is also a sulphur 

 spring, which I tested and found it to contain, as its principal constituents : 



Free sulphuretted hydrogen. 



Chloride of sodium. 



Chloride of magnesium. 



Only a trace of sulphates. 



Bi-carbonate of lime. 



Bi-carbonate of magnesia. 



This water, having more saline matter (particularly* chlorides) than the 

 water tested at Thomas's, 2 miles from Fayetteville, will be found more 



