private land use. Portions of two occurrence in Glacier National Park are easily accessible by road, 

 while the other three are in roadless areas. Over half (59%) of known and probable harlequin duck 

 breeding streams in Idaho and Montana are on U.S. Forest Service Lands under multiple use 

 management. 



In Wyoming, 43% (3 of 8) breeding occurrences are managed by the National Park 

 Service in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, 50% (4 of 8) are managed by the U.S. Forest 

 Service, and 1 is managed by both the National Park Service and the U.S. Forest Service. The 

 majority (62%) of known and probable breeding streams are managed by the National Park Service 

 (Table 3). Suitable and occupied (breeding status unknown) habitat remains to be surveyed in 

 Yellowstone National Park and on lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land 

 Management in northwestern Wyoming (Appendix C). 



Table 3. Primary land management status of known and probable harlequin duck breeding 



streams in the U.S. Rocky Mountains. 



Total 



8 



8 



38 



18 



()' Streams are in designated wilderness. 



Population size and trend 



Population size 



Minimum harlequin duck breeding population size in the pacific U.S. outside Alaska is 

 approximately 523 pairs. Thirty-eight percent (198 pairs) breed in the Rocky Mountains (Table 4). 



Trend 



Although historical information is lacking for most areas, both breeding and wintering 

 distribution may be declining in the Pacific population. Harlequin ducks have disappeared both from 

 peripheral areas where they were formerly present but rare, and from centrally located areas where 



