1920 TERMINOLOGY IX 



The placing of Vertebriceras above Goliathiceras is an assumption 

 based on the more calcareous matrix of the former, the sands passing 

 upwards into limestones. 



The term pre-cordatum was employed by me as a provisional time- 

 term. Subsequently R. Douville gave the trivial name prce-cordatmn 

 to a scarburgense-like species of about the same date. 



Terminology 



See III, p. 5. It is necessary to return to this subject : such a method 

 of work will have to be employed in other cases. 



Palingenesis : Dr. W. D. Lang has published two interesting papers 

 dealing with this and other phenomena (The Evolution of Ammonites ; 

 Proc. Geol. Assoc. XXX, 1919, p. 49 ; Old Age and Extinction in Fossils ; 

 Id. p. 102). In the former he suggests the term Lipogenesis instead of 

 that of saltative palingenesis (Y.T.A., I, 1910, p. xiii) and says that " it is 

 a modification of tachygenesis " (p. 60). It may be suggested that it is 

 not so much a modification, but, rather, a-specialized acceleration of 

 tachygenesis, and that Lipogenesis (literally, genesis in which something 

 is wanting, or skipped) scarcely expresses the phenomenon. The term 

 seems more suitable for the phenomenon of mutations used in the sense 

 of De Vries ; and the present phenomenon is not merely genesis, but 

 palingenesis, or recapitulation, in which something is wanting. Therefore 

 it would seem that the term required is Lipopalingenesis. Its 

 acceptance would involve congruous terms for the other phenomena of 

 palingenesis — cunctative and precedentive. — Bradypalingenesis and 

 Propalingenesis may be suggested. 



Type-designation : A term of wider significance than topotype is 

 required. A quarry only a short distance away, but in another parish, 

 and even in another county, may show a stratum lithically the same 

 as the original locality, with typical examples of named species. Yet 

 these specimens would not be correctly termed topotypes, though they 

 may be as valuable as topotypes for identification purposes. Therefore 

 Chorotype is proposed (x<»p°s. a district). 



The application of chorotype may in some cases be fairly wide 

 when the stratum remains lithically constant over a considerable area, 

 or it may be inapplicable in a short distance owing to lithic change. 

 It should be used independently of political boundaries. 



Association - term : Syntopite (ow with, T<mirr)s, belonging to a 

 place " : S. Buckman, Brach. Namyau Beds ; Pal. Ind. N.S. Ill (2) 

 1917, p. 234) " a stable-companion " — occurring in the same locality 

 and same stratum. This should be a useful term. Thus Am. plicatilis 

 and Am. vertebralis are syntopites in the Lower Calcareous Grit of Dry 

 Sandford/Marcham, Berkshire (see p. 16) and Cowley, Oxfordshire. 

 Am. plicatilis is, therefore, not a species of the Upper Corallian, afi 

 Miss Healey supposed (Q.J.G.S., LX, 1904, 56 ; Pal. U. 1904, 57), misled 

 by an error long current in English geological literature. 



It may be noted that Am. plicatilis seems to fail on the Continent 

 just as does Am. vertebralis and its allies (see p. 16), whereas the goliathus 

 group (Goliathiceras), also characteristic of the Lower Calcareous Grit 

 of England, is wide-spread in France (d'Orbigny). 



Measurement: The table designed by Mr. Tutcher (Y.T.A., App. 

 Tab. I), is very useful, but I have now found that a slide-rule purchasable 

 at an ironmonger's is suitable for the purpose : it allows of greater 



