CONTENTS ix 



PAGE 



CHAPTER XVII. THINNING 164 



Benefits from thinning, 166 — Methods of thinning, 166 — Time to 

 thin, 167 — Cost of thinning, 167 — Increased value of the thinned 

 crop, 16S — Does thinning pay? 169 



CHAPTER XVIII. INSECTS 170 



Flat-headed borer, 172 — Round-headed borer, 173 — Shot-hole borer, 

 174 — Oyster-shell scale, 174 — San Jose scale, 175 — Woolly aphis, 1S0 



— Green-apple leaf aphis, 181 — Leaf crumpler, 182 — Leaf roller, 183 



— Leaf skeletonizer, 183 — Cankerworm, 184 — Fall webworm, 1S4 — 

 Palmer worm, 184 — Tent caterpillar, 185 — Apple-leaf trumpet-miner, 

 185 — Brown-tail moth, 185 — Damage by the brown-tail moth, 186 — 

 History of the brown-tail moth, 1S6 — Where to look for the brown- 

 tail moth, iSS — Natural enemies of the brown-tail moth, 189 — Gypsy 

 moth, 1S9 — Damage caused by the gypsy moth, 189 — History of the 

 gypsy moth, 190 — Where to look for the gypsy moth, 192 — Gypsy- 

 moth remedies, 193 — Natural enemies of the gypsy moth, 194 — 

 Bud moth, 195 — The apple-bud moth, 195 — Pear thrips, 195 — Cod- 

 ling moth, 196 — History of the codling moth, 190 — Plum curculio, 

 201 — Description and history of the plum curculio, 202 — Green-fruit 

 worm, 205 — Apple maggot, 207 



CHAPTER XIX. DISEASES 209 



Root gall, 209 — Root rot, 210 — Pear blight, 210 — Bitter rot, 211 — 

 Black rot and canker, 212 — European apple canker, 213 — Blister 

 canker, 213 — Decay or rot, 214 — Scab, 215 — Pear blight, 215 — Mil- 

 dew, 215 — Cedar rust, 215 — Apple scab, 217 — Apple-leaf spot, 220 



— Blight, 221 — Scab, 221 — Black rot, 221 — Blotch, 222 — Bitter rot, 

 223 — Fruit spot, 225 — Cedar rust and scab, 226 — Sooty blotch and 

 fly-speck fungus, 226 — Spongy dry rot, 227 — Pink rot, 227 



CHAPTER XX. SPRAYING 230 



The need of spraying, 233 — What to spray for, 234 — Lime-sulphur, 

 self-boiled, 234 — Concentrated lime-sulphur, commercial, 236 — Con- 

 centrated lime-sulphur, homemade, 237 — Bordeaux mixture, 238 — 

 Whale-oil soap, 239 — Kerosene emulsion, 240 — Black Leaf 40, 240 



— Paris green, 240 — -Commercial arsenate of lead, 240 — Homemade 

 arsenate of lead, 240 — Miscible oils, 241 — Other materials, 243 — 

 When to apply the spray, 243 — Spraying schedule for apples recom- 

 mended by the College of Agriculture, Cornell University, 245 — How 

 to apply the spray, 246 — Spraying machinery, tools, etc., 249 — Im- 

 portant points about spray pumps, 250 — Types of sprayers, 254 — 

 Results of spraying, 257 — Cost of spraying, 258 



CHAPTER XXI. MISCELLANEOUS INJURIES 260 



Injury by wind, 260 — Injury by carelessness, 261 — Injury by animals, 

 261 — Injury by mice, 262 — Injury from rabbits, 264 — Injury from 

 deer, 264 



