CONTENTS xi 



PAGE 



racks, 365 — Turning the fruit, 365 — Heating apparatus, 365 — Fuel, 

 366 — Temperature, 367 — Time required for proper drying, 367 — 

 How far to carry the drying, 367 — Curing room, 368 — Waste, 368 



— Proportion of evaporated fruit from a bushel of fresh apples, 368 — 

 Grading and packing, 368 — The cannery, 370 — Canning, 370 



CHAPTER XXVIII. COOPERATION 372 



How to cooperate, 372 — Relation of members to cooperation, ^73 — 

 Advertising, 373 — Growers' and shippers' organizations, 373 



CHAPTER XXIX. COSTS, YIELDS, AND PROFITS 375 



The cost of an acre of apple trees, 375 — Cost of producing a barrel 

 of apples, 376 — Cost of producing a bushel of apples, 377 — Cost 

 of selling a bushel of apples, 377 — Yields of apples, 378 — Retail 

 prices, 381 — Wholesale prices, 382 — Profits, 382 



CHAPTER XXX. GROWING APPLES FOR THE HOME . . . . 3S4 

 General advice, 384 — Insects and diseases, 386 — Pruning, 386 — Fer- 

 tilizers, 3S7 — Picking the fruit, 387 — Miscellaneous advice, 387 



CHAPTER XXXI. RENOVATING NEGLECTED ORCHARDS . . 388 

 Is renovating practicable ? 38S — Method of procedure, 392 — Diag- 

 nosis, 392 — Thinning the orchard, 392 — Pruning, 393 — What to do 

 with wounds, 395 — Scraping, 395 — Cavity work, 395 — Bracing, 396 



— Soil, 396 — Plowing and harrowing, 397 — Dynamiting, 397 — Fer- 

 tilizers, 397 — Stable manure, 398 — Potash and phosphoric acid, 398 — 

 Applications, 398 — Cover crops, 399 — Orchards poorly situated, 399 



— Spraying, 400 — Grafting, 400 — When to graft, 400 — What to 

 graft, 401 — The after-treatment, 401 — Summary, 402 — Examples of 

 successful renovation, 402 — A Vermont orchard, 405 



CHAPTER XXXII. PROPAGATION 



Seedlings, 407 — Budding, 407 — Root-grafting, 408 — Comparison of 

 budding and root-grafting, 409 — Whip-grafting, 410 — Cleft-grafting, 

 410 — Time to graft, 412 — Other forms of grafting, 412 — Grafting 

 wax, 412 — Selection of scions, 413 — Relation between stock and 

 scion, 413 



CHAPTER XXXIII. POLLINATION 414 



Self-sterile trees, 414 — Pollen-carriers, 417 — Pollination by hand, 417 



CHAPTER XXXIV. BREEDING 418 



The flower, 418 — Methods of emasculation, 418 — Gathering pollen, 420 

 — How to apply pollen, 421 — When to make application, 422 — Plant- 

 ing, 423 — Crosses, 423 — Aim in breeding, 424 — Bud-selection, 425 — 

 Appearance of the fruit, 426 



