ADAPTATION OF VARIETIES TO SOILS 15 



commercial growers' dictum that it is "a good barrel filler and a 

 good shipper ' ' ; while they may follow this saying with the words, 

 "and that is all." No other varieties are so cosmopolitan with 

 regard to climate, and from New York to Alabama these apples 

 have numerous advocates. 



Soils as heavy and moist as described for the green Rhode Island 

 Greening are not desirable for either the Ben Davis or Gano. The 

 tree is naturally of strong growth, hence this characteristic should 

 not be intensified by planting on an excessively rich soil, both on 

 account of the growth of tree and the poor quality and color of the 

 fruit. At the same time, the opposite extreme is not desirable, for 

 if the soil be too sandy the tree grows stragglingly. 



Both of these varieties as planted are bound to prove profitable, 

 but they are not altogether satisfactory. Soils adapted to the Baldwin, 

 York Imperial, or Winesap will grow good trees and fruit of both 

 Ben Davis and Gano. Hence, there are extensive soil areas, par- 

 ticularly in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the mountainous areas of 

 Virginia and West Virginia, that are well adapted to these vari- 

 eties, and they are also profitable varieties in western New York 

 and in the Hudson valley. 



From careful observation it is believed that the Ozark Ben Davis 

 is a little larger than the Appalachian-grown fruit, and that under 

 the same conditions the Ozark fruit is sufficiently superior to the 

 latter to bring a slightly higher price in market. As a commercial 

 proposition, however, the greater number of crops secured in the 

 Appalachian region in any considerable period, such as a decade, 

 enables that section to compete successfully in the production of 

 these varieties. An important point to be considered, nevertheless, 

 by the Eastern growers is the outlook for future markets. 



Fall Pippin. The Fall Pippin soils are somewhat wider in 

 range than those of the two preceding varieties. In fact, this 

 variety will succeed on the soils described for the Tompkins King 

 and the Northern Spy. It is preferable, however, that the surface 

 soil be a fine loam rather than the open-textured loam described 

 for the Tompkins King. 



Grimes. The Grimes is so similar to the Rhode Island Green- 

 ing in soil adaptation that a separate description of the soils best for 

 this variety will not be given. The Grimes has been so profitable 



