LAYING OUT AN ORCHARD 



65 



squares of the permanent trees. Peaches should be set halfway between the 

 permanent trees on the diagonal rows. These trees would be the first to come 

 out, and should be cut out by removing the alternate perpendicular rows. 

 This leaves 



CJ Cm the permanent <-£_ 



trees and the 1 *> 



-9 



V 



4r: 



>:.<> 



Fig. 25. The square system 

 A tree at each corner of a square 



Fig. 26. The quincunx system 

 A tree at each corner of a square, 

 with a fifth tree in the center of the 

 square, forming the quincunx group 



trees and the 

 apple fillers. 

 When the ap- 

 ple fillers be- 

 gin to crowd, 

 cut them out 

 by removing 

 the alternate 

 rows diago- 

 nally. 



The great- 

 est number 

 of trees per 

 acre, and the most evenly distributed, occur 

 by using the hexagonal system. The only difficulty is that, in thinning, the 

 distance between the trees is doubled. Fig. 19 shows the arrangement of per- 

 manent trees, and one set of fillers planted according to this system. Fig. 1 7 

 shows the method of removing the fillers, by taking out the alternate rows 

 running diagonally across 

 the field in both directions. ^ * ^ * Q * ^ 



Fig. 20 shows a method e $ * 9 4 9 



of planting 320 fruit trees ^ £ ^ ^ ^ Q ^ 



per acre, or 160 fruit trees 



and 550 bushes of small ??**?* 



fruits, by the hexagonal plan. £J* q> Q Q Q Q Q 



With such an intensive sys- . 



9 9 9 9 <? 9 



tern of planting, the per- ^~ 



manent trees should be at*? ^ t S* <? c r 9 



least 50 feet apart. The 9 9 $ 9 9 9 



large dots (solid black) rep- Q ^ Q ^ Q ^ q 



resent the permanent apple 



trees, set 50 feet apart. The 9 9 9 9 9 9 



smaller dots (solid black) Q Q 9 Q <? Q q 



represent standard apple o o o <» 



fillers, set halfway between 

 the permanent trees, mak- 

 ing the apple trees 25 feet 

 apart. The larger circles (un- 

 shaded) are peach trees, set 

 halfway between the apple 

 trees in the perpendicular 



Fig. 27. The quincunx system 

 Orchard planted with permanent apple trees, standard 



apple fillers, and peach fillers 



CX Permanent trees Cf> Standard apple fillers 



9 Peach fillers 



