144 



THE APPLE 



The furrowing implement most commonly used by the orchardists 

 of California consists of a sulky frame to which are attached two or 

 three double moldboard plows. Those who prefer a small number of 

 deep furrows use a 1 2- or 14-inch corn lister. In Fig. 66 is shown a 

 furrowing machine made by attaching an arm to a cultivator and fas- 

 tening two shovels to the arm. The space between the furrows is 

 4] feet and the depth is regulated by the lever arm of the cultivator. 



Fig. 66. Furrow-making 

 Making furrows in an orchard for the purpose of irrigating 



Applying water to furrows. In Idaho 200 or more miner's 

 inches of water are turned into the head ditch and conducted into 

 the furrows by means of wooden spouts. On steep ground much 

 smaller streams are used. The length of the furrow varies from 

 300 feet on steep slopes to 600 feet and more on flat slopes. The 

 time required to moisten the soil depends on the length of the 

 furrow and the nature of the soil. In this locality it varies from 

 three to thirty-six hours. 



An orchardist who owns 20 acres of bearing trees near the 

 Sunnyside Canal in the Yakima valley, Washington, waters his 



