192 THE APPLE 



from the insect is at once apparent. It has been proved conclu- 

 sively that young caterpillars can also be carried a great distance 

 by the wind, which probably accounts, in some cases, for new 

 colonies found a long way from any known source of infestation. 

 The egg clusters may also be transported on any of the numerous 

 objects on which they are laid. Even freight cars that have stood 

 near infested foliage long enough for the laying of gypsy-moth 

 eggs may be the means of spreading the pest. 



The gypsy moth now occurs in southern New Hampshire, in 

 Massachusetts, and in the southwestern part of Maine. 



Where to look for the gypsy moth. The egg. From August 

 to May the egg masses of the gypsy moth may be found in places 

 near which the moth emerged from the pupa case. The female 

 moth deposits its eggs on tree trunks, the undersides of limbs, 

 sheltered crotches and holes in trees, hollow trees, crevices in or 

 under rough bark, etc. The egg clusters are also found on shrub- 

 bery, buildings, scattered and heaped rubbish, barrels, boxes, and 

 similar objects standing out of doors, woodpiles, stone piles, 

 fences, walls, bowlders, and the like. The tendency is to deposit 

 the eggs on the lower or the inner surface of an object. When 

 the moths exist in large numbers they disregard all rules, and 

 their egg clusters may then be found in sight as well as hidden, 

 and in all sorts of places, even within buildings. 



The caterpillar. From May to August the caterpillars may be 

 found in various stages of growth, their numbers rapidly diminishing 

 after July 15. In the spring the small caterpillars should be looked 

 for on the foliage, chiefly on the underside. As the caterpillars 

 grow, they commence to feed at night. During the day they seek 

 shelter, generally in clusters, on the shady side of tree trunks, 

 beneath large limbs, under rough or loose bark, in holes in trees, 

 under fence rails, in walls, stone heaps, rubbish piles — in short, 

 in any accessible place offering shelter from the sun and the birds. 

 The caterpillars cast their skin several times, the molted skins 

 being a characteristic sign of the presence of the moth. 



The pupa. Gypsy-moth pupae are most abundant during the 

 latter half of July. They are to be found in the same places 

 chosen for the egg clusters and not infrequently, also, in the 

 foliage of trees and shrubs. 



