DISEASES 



:25 



infect the sound fruit, as already stated. Infections are most readily 

 made through breaks or abrasions in the skin of the fruit, quick 

 and complete decay following the entrance of the spores. Insect 

 punctures, therefore, have a direct relation to bitter-rot outbreaks. 



Treatment. The best results in fighting the bitter rot have been 

 obtained from sprayings made with the prepared lime-sulphur solu- 

 tion in the early summer (until the middle or last of June), and with 

 Bordeaux mixture in the latter part of the season, from about July I 

 to the time of 

 the last spraying. 

 In ic)ii-i9i2,at 

 Cornelia, Geor- 

 gia, such a spray- 

 ing schedule, the 

 work of W. W. 

 Chase, assistant 

 state entomolo- 

 gist, resulted in 

 practical freedom 

 from bitter rot, 

 while unsprayed 

 plats were freely 

 infected. 



The removal 

 of all mummied 

 fruits from the 

 trees and ground 

 and of the can- 

 kered limbs, or the cutting out of cankered areas and a subse- 

 quent disinfection and filling-in of these with cement, are valuable 

 aids in the work. 



Fruit spot {Cylindrosporium pomi). This disease is especially 

 common in New England, but is becoming known in other north- 

 eastern states and Canada. It is so frequently found on the Baldwin 

 that it has received the name Baldwin fruit spot. 



During August minute spots or specks appear on the surface of 

 the fruit. They are at first very small, with a reddish color if upon 

 the red cheek of the apple, and of a deeper green color if found 



FlG. ioi. Brown rot (ScUrotinia fructigena) 



Similar to brown-rot disease affecting peaches and plums 

 (L'niversity of Maine) 



