GRADING 281 



meaning of this act. Said guaranty to be valid shall contain the true name 

 and address of the person or persons making the sale, and in such case the 

 guarantor shall be liable to the penalties of this act. 



(//) Definitions. The word " person " as used herein shall be construed to 

 include both the singular and plural, individuals, corporations, copartnerships, 

 companies, societies, and associations. The act, omission, or failure of any officer, 

 agent, servant, or employee acting within the scope of his employment or office 

 shall be deemed the act, omission, or failure of the principal. The words "closed 

 package" shall mean a box, barrel, or other package, the contents of which can- 

 not be seen or inspected when such package is closed. 



(/) No person shall on behalf of any other person pack any fruit for sale 

 or transportation contrary to the provisions of this act. 



(/) This act shall not apply to apples actually transported in barrels to 

 storage within this state until the same are sold, offered, or exposed for sale. 



§ 2. Chapter four hundred and eighteen of the laws of nineteen hundred 

 and fourteen, entitled "An act to regulate the grading, packing, marking, ship- 

 ping, and sale of apples," is hereby repealed. 



§ 3. This act shall take effect July first, nineteen hundred and fifteen. 



Methods of grading. Some growers advance the idea that the 

 grading of apples should begin with the picking of the fruit from 

 the trees. By this method the pickers, after removing the apples 

 from the trees and placing them in bags, pails, baskets, or the like, 

 should then be required to empty them into the boxes in which the 

 fruit is to be stored or packed. The apples may be transferred 

 separately by hand, each apple being handled as if it were an egg ; 

 they should not be poured into the boxes. During the picking and 

 the transfer from basket to box, the pickers should carefully sort 

 out fruits that are badly blemished, placing them to one side. The 

 choice, selected apples may then be stored or made ready for 

 packing, according to the convenience of the orchardist. 



Another method is to have the apples graded by hand as they 

 are received from the pickers at the packing tables or stands. This 

 method consists in putting in one grade the fruits of a certain size, 

 shape, and color, conforming closely to some rule like those men- 

 tioned above, each apple being as nearly like the others as possible. 

 To do this the grader must know the rules for grading and must have 

 had experience in the selection of specimen apples for each grade. 



The sorting tables are generally made about 3 feet wide and from 

 6 to 8 or more feet long. Legs of 2 x 4's, or trestles, are used to 

 raise the table above the ground, the height of the table being from 



