340 THE APPLE 



exposure, the capacity of the room or rooms, the arrangement, the 

 local conditions, etc. A thickness of from 8 to 16 inches divided 

 into one or two spaces would probably cover the extremes. 



Frost-proof buildings are fairly satisfactory for both small and 

 large orchards when the apples are to be held for a short time 

 only. One of the best buildings of this type is located at Rochester 

 Junction, New York. It is built of concrete, with three walls and 

 two dead-air spaces. Ample ventilation is provided through the 

 roof, after a modification of the King system. Apples have been 

 kept here very satisfactorily and at a low cost. 



Storage of apples in the home. Where only cellars are avail- 

 able — especially warm cellars — it will be found a decided advan- 

 tage to wrap the apples in paper. Regular wraps may be bought 

 at retail for between 16 and 24 cents per thousand sheets, or 

 newspapers may be used, cutting each newspaper into 12-inch 

 squares. The apples when wrapped should be stored in boxes. 



The advantages of wrapping the apples are as follows : 



1 . Wilting is stopped. 



2. Temperature changes are lessened. 



3. Ripening processes are retarded. 



4. The spread of disease is prevented. 



5. Bruising is prevented. 



On the farm the apples may be stored in the root cellar or 

 the storage house if care is taken to give proper ventilation and 

 to prevent freezing. 



Commercial cold-storage houses. Most commercial cold-storage 

 houses are owned or controlled by people who are not fruit-growers. 

 The business then is carried on as a strictly money-making propo- 

 sition, and eggs and other commodities are stored as well as apples. 



The construction of these buildings is somewhat complicated. 

 The walls may be of wood, concrete, stone, or brick. Several 

 spaces filled with mineral wool, hair, felt, mill shavings, or some 

 other material are built in the walls. Other measures for thoroughly 

 insulating the building are also used. The insulation extends not 

 only around the building, but through the floors and ceilings. 



Ice cold storage. The first successful ice cold-storage houses 

 were built with ice above the storage chamber, and a large majority 

 of those now in use are of this kind. They are chiefly useful for 



